Oxidation biochemical, multiple

Indole derivatives, oxidation, biochemical multiple 17, 249 Indolenideniumethyl nitronates... 

Effects of safeners on the oxidation of multiple substrates by grain sorghum mierosomes. Pest. Biochem. Physiol. 45, 43-53. 

The marine environment acts as a sink for a large proportion of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and these compounds have become a major area of interest in aquatic toxicology. Mixed function oxidases (MFO) are a class of microsomal enzymes involved in oxidative transformation, the primary biochemical process in hydrocarbon detoxification as well as mutagen-carcinogen activation (1,2). The reactions carried out by these enzymes are mediated by multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 which controls the substrate specificity of the system (3). One class of MFO, the aromatic hydrocarbon hydroxylases (AHH), has received considerable attention in relation to their role in hydrocarbon hydroxylation. AHH are found in various species of fish (4) and although limited data is available it appears that these enzymes may be present in a variety of aquatic animals (5,6,7,8). 

Klatt, P., Schmidt, K., Uray, G., and Mayer, B. (1993). Multiple catalytic functions of brain nitric oxide synthase. Biochemical characterization, cofactor-requirement, and the role of N omega-hydroxy-L-arginine as an intermediate. J. Biol. Cfiem. 268, 14781-14787. 

Santos, C. X. C., Anjos, E. I., and Augusto, O., Uric acid oxidation by peroxynitrite Multiple reactions, free radical formation, and amplification of lipid oxidation. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 372, 285-294 (1999). 

G Cirino. Multiple controls in inflammation. Extracellular and intracellular phospholipase A2, inducible and constitutive cyclooxygenase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Biochem Pharmacol 55 105-111, 1998. 

Dr. Martin Pall of Washington State University uncovered the neurological biochemical processes that underlie MCS, and demonstrated a link to processes that are also relevant to chronic fatigue syndrome. He described the increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier as a result of exposure to certain substances and as a result of increased peroxynitrite level. The more this barrier disintegrates, the more chemical substances are able to directly enter the brain and the more sensitive a person becomes. Increased levels of nitric oxide in the body in turn influence the enzymes responsible for breaking down chemical substances (P450 enzyme). He published an article about his model, tide Elevated Nitric Oxide/Per-oxynitrite Theory of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Central Role of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptors in the Sensitivity Mechanism, in Environmental Health Perspectives. It can be read online at www.ehponline.org/members/ 2003/5935/5935.html. 

Wilkins, P. C., Dalton, H., Samuel, C. J., and Green, J., 1994, Further evidence for multiple pathways in soluble methane-monooxygenase-catalysed oxidations from the measurement of deuterium kinetic isotope effects, Eur. J. Biochem. 226 5559560. 

The accumulation of the precursors for fatty acid synthesis is a wonderful example of the coordinated use of multiple processes to fulfdl a biochemical need. The citric acid cycle, subcellular compartmentalization, and the pentose phosphate pathway provide the carbon atoms and reducing power, whereas glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation provide the ATP to meet the needs for fatty acid synthesis. 

A. Clerk, A. Michael and P.H. Sugden, Stimulation of multiple mitogen-activatcd protein kinase subfamilies by oxidative stress and phosphorylation of heat shock protein Hsp25/27, in neonatal ventricular myocytes, Biochem. J. 333, 581-589 (1998). 

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