Hydroxylation hydrocarbon

Newcomb M, Letadic MH, Putt DA, et al. An incredibly fast apparent oxygen rebound rate-constant for hydrocarbon hydroxylation by cytochrome-P-450 enzymes. J Am Chem Soc 1995 117(11) 3312—3313. 

The marine environment acts as a sink for a large proportion of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and these compounds have become a major area of interest in aquatic toxicology. Mixed function oxidases (MFO) are a class of microsomal enzymes involved in oxidative transformation, the primary biochemical process in hydrocarbon detoxification as well as mutagen-carcinogen activation (1,2). The reactions carried out by these enzymes are mediated by multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 which controls the substrate specificity of the system (3). One class of MFO, the aromatic hydrocarbon hydroxylases (AHH), has received considerable attention in relation to their role in hydrocarbon hydroxylation. AHH are found in various species of fish (4) and although limited data is available it appears that these enzymes may be present in a variety of aquatic animals (5,6,7,8). 

Zacharewski T, Harris M, Safe S, et al. 1988. Applications of the in vitro aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylates induction assay for determining "2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents" Pyrolyzed brominated flame retardants. Toxicology 51 177-189. 

Ortiz de Montellano PR. Hydrocarbon hydroxylation by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Chem Rev. 2009 110 932-48. 

Peterson, J. A., D. Basu, and M. J. Coon Enzymatic to-oxidation. 1. Electron carrier in fatty acid and hydrocarbon hydroxylation. J. Biol. Chem. 241, 5162... 

Apart from water splitting, T102 used in the form of particles or as a photoelectrode has been shown to catalyse also numerous other photoreactions. They include so different processes as, for example, photodegradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons " " hydroxylation of aromatic hydrocarbons photoreduction of dinitrogen water-gas shift reaction ... 

Aldehyde group Saturated hydrocarbon . .Unsaturated hydrocarbon Hydroxyl group Ketone group... 

It would appear that most of the benzene ring structures in humic substances have two or more substituents, such as carbonyl, carboxyl, hydrocarbon, hydroxyl, and methoxyl and other ether functional groups. The evidence from identification of the products of degradation reactions, and more recently from NMR data, suggests that aliphatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic and aromatic ether groups link the core components in the macromolecules, and that carbonyl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl substituents are likely to be attached to some of the aliphatic hydrocarbons (Hayes and Swift, 1978). 

Two-step concerted mechanism for the hydrocarbon hydroxylation by cytochrome P450. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 73, 401-407. 

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