Alkyls, oxidation

In addition to CuCfi, some other compounds such as Cu(OAc)2, Cu(N03)2-FeCl.i, dichromate, HNO3, potassium peroxodisulfate, and Mn02 are used as oxidants of Pd(0). Also heteropoly acid salts comtaining P, Mo, V, Si, and Ge are used with PdS04 as the redox system[2]. Organic oxidants such as benzo-quinone (BQ), hydrogen peroxide and some organic peroxides are used for oxidation. Alkyl nitrites are unique oxidants which are used in some industrial... 

Thermal or photo-induced decompositions of dialkyl peroxides in the presence of suitable substrates yield various products. For example, with nitric oxides, alkyl nitrites or nitrates are formed and, with carbon monoxide, Z fZ-alkyl esters are obtained (44) ... 

Aluminium alkyls Chromic oxide Alkylations/Grignard reactions Acute thermal burns, lung damage Cr may be converted to the more toxic and carcinogenic Cr ... 

Nitro compounds have been converted into various cyclic compounds via cycloaddidon reactions. In particular, nitroalkenes have proved to be nsefid in Diels-Alder reactions. Under thermal conditions, they behave as electron-deficient alkenes ind react v/ith dienes to yield 3-nitrocy-clohexenes. Nitroalkenes c in also act as heterodienes ind react v/ith olefins in the presence of Lewis acids to yield cyclic alkyl nkronates, which undergo [3- 2 cycloaddidon. Nitro compounds are precursors for nitnie oxides, alkyl nitronates, and trialkylsilyl nitronates, which undergo [3- 2 cycloaddldon reacdons. Thus, nitro compounds play important roles in the chemistry of cycloaddidon reacdons. In this chapter, recent developments of cycloaddinon chemistry of nitro compotmds and their derivadves are summarized. 

Purification of industrial oils, kerosene/jet fuel, lubricating oils Mono- dicumyldiphenylamine Mono- dioctyldiphenylamine Dimer fatty acids Purification of xylenes Improvement of bromine number of recycle cumene in phenol plants Improvement of bromine number of recycle ethylbenzene in styrene plants based on liquid pha.se oxidation Alkylation of xylenes with diisobutylenes to mono-/ rr-butyI derivatives Phenyl xylyl ethane... 

The same iron (III) complexes also oxidize alkyl radicals, particularly those with secondary and tertiary centers, to the corresponding carbonium ions (7). 

Table 4.1. Most commona ML compounds (L = chloride, oxide, alkyl) and number of unpaired electrons1 (eu) for group 3-12 transition metals M asterisks...

Uses/Sources. Manufacture of organic and inorganic bromides reducing agent, catalyst in oxidations alkylation of aromatic compounds can be generated during the pyrolysis of a variety of materials... 

A. Otaka, H. Watanabe, A. Yukimasa, S. Oishi, H. Tamamura, N. Fujii, New access to a-substituted (Z)-fluoroalkene dipeptide isosteres utilizing organocopper reagents under reduction-oxidative alkylation (R-OA) conditions. Tetrahedron Lett. 42 (2001) 5443-5446. 

Nitrile ylides Diazoalkanes Nitrile imines Nitrile oxides Alkyl azides Nitrous oxide... 

T he primary chain-propagating cycle during the gaseous oxidation of an alkane is essentially a mechanism for oxidizing alkyl radicals and ... 

Tetrahydrothiopyran and its simply substituted derivatives are to be regarded as cyclic sulfides, and in consequence their chemistry is analogous to that of their acyclic counterparts, which is extensively covered in the standard texts (B-79MI22500). Oxidation, alkylation, halogenation, etc. reactions differ from the corresponding phenomena in the noncyclic species only in so far as the stereochemical constraints imposed by a more rigid framework control the orientation of reactants, transition states and products. 

Very few examples of electrophilic attack at sulfur(II) have been reported for these systems, with the exception of oxidation. Alkylation of the benzothiadiazine (88) with trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate gave a poor yield of the imino ether (89). The major product (90) resulted from alkylation at sulfur followed by hydrolytic ring opening of the resulting azasulfonium salt (79JCR(S)214). 

Diethyl-3,5-octadiene 174 Dithiane oxides alkylation of 84 carbanions of 84 Dithianes alkylation of 76,79 as acyl anion equivalents 75 carbanions of 76,79 cleavage of 14-18.76,79 desulfurization of 78 oxidation of 23... 

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