Output value

Block 4 a high-voltage generator of the probe pulse, the output value of the amplitude is from 100 to 400V, the duration of the pulse is from 15 to 300 ns. 

The data set was then sent into a counter-propagation (CPG) network consisting of 13 X 9 neurons with 10 layers (one for each descriptor) in the input block and one layer in the output block (figure 10.1-9), with the output values having nine different values corresponding to the nine different MOA. 

A pair of output clamps is used to restrict a positional output value from exceeding specified hmits. 

Many large petrochemical projects involve considerable investment. Plant output value can be measured in staggering amounts of money if value of lost production is calculated. An incorrect pressure switch installed on a compressor may have very little direct financial impact to a compressor manufacturer, but it can cause a loss to the user far in excess of the total value of the compressor package itself. Extra care must therefore be taken in compressor performance tests. In the planning of a pro- ject, testing has to be reviewed to ... 

Neural networks can also be classified by their neuron transfer function, which typically are either linear or nonlinear models. The earliest models used linear transfer functions wherein the output values were continuous. Linear functions are not very useful for many applications because most problems are too complex to be manipulated by simple multiplication. In a nonlinear model, the output of the neuron is a nonlinear function of the sum of the inputs. The output of a nonlinear neuron can have a very complicated relationship with the activation value. 

At each step of the major iteration, we determine the Lagrange multiplier yj(rj) corresponding to fj(rj)[ l. This is done numerically as the minor iteration. When the minor iteration has converged, the final output value yj(rj)[° ] is the one corresponding to the given fj(rj)[ ]. 

Consider a simple perceptron with N continuous-valued inputs and one binary (— 1) output value. In section 10.5.2 we saw how, in general, an A -dimensional input space is separated by an (N — l)-dimensional hyperplane into two distinct regions. All of the points lying on one side of the hyperplane yield the output -)-l all the points on the other side of the hyperplane yield -1. 

Output (million tons/yr) Price ( /ton) Total output value (Jmillion/yr)... 

We have shown that Theorem 4-11 also applies to continuous output channels when the sum over the output alphabet is replaced by an integral over the output values. That is,... 

Topaz was used to calculate the time response of the model to step changes in the heater output values. One of the advantages of mathematical simulation over experimentation is the ease of starting the experiment from an initial steady state. The parameter estimation routines to follow require a value for the initial state of the system, and it is often difficult to hold the extruder conditions constant long enough to approach steady state and be assured that the temperature gradients within the barrel are known. The values from the Topaz simulation, were used as data for fitting a reduced order model of the dynamic system. 

In the LLM the (scalar) desired output value ( J w the actual (wrong) output value ... 

Fig. 44.8. (a) The structure of the neural network, for solving the XOR classification problem of Fig. 44.7. (b) The two boundary lines as defined by the hidden units in the input space (jtl, 2). (c) Representation of the objects in the space defined by the output values of the two hidden units ( hul, hu2) and the boundary line defined in this space by the output unit. The two objects of class A are at the same location. 

Fig. 44.12. (a) and (b) The output value (y) of the MLF network as a function of the input value (x) with two different weight settings, (c) and (d) The contour plots of the output value of an MLF network in the specified input space with two different weight settings. 

For each output unit, j, calculate the output value with the current weight setting and the error, E, based on the difference between this value and the target or desired output value. 

When we say that some program we have just written is "correct", what do we really mean We do not mean "correct" in some absolute sense - correctness is not in this case an ethical judgment. We simply mean that it does what we want it to do. In other words, it fits some pre-arranged condition or relationship between input and output values. If we later decide that we really wanted some other output, then the program may no longer be "correct" for our purposes. 

Since there is only one output variable, z, and all functions are monadic, at any given time at most one variable in the computation under a free interpretation can contain a value which ultimately affects the final output value. Since P is free, all paths are execution sequences under scane free interpretation. Thus if we concentrate on just the contents of that register which we believe will ultinately be transferred to z, and ignore other values, we cannot be trapped into following a "tad" path. If v is our "guessed" variable and we have stored the current value of v, that suffices. All continuations of the current path must be valid (consistent). 

The proportional band determines the range of output values from the controller that operate the final control element. The final control element acts on the manipulated variable to determine the value of the controlled variable. The controlled variable is maintained within a specified band of control points around a setpoint. 

For each wind speed value (v) from the cut-in (ci) to the cut-out (co) phase of the WTG, the product of its corresponding power output (Pv) multiplied by the time Hv (in hours) during which value v appears in a year is calculated. The sum of these products gives the annual energy production (WEY). Wind speed values are referred to the hub height of the turbine. The power output values, which compose the power curve of a WTG, are provided by the turbine manufacturer. Hv values are calculated from the annual distribution (or the histogram) of the wind speed values. 

For the IRT 3000 a simultaneous calibration concept [6], that is shown schematically in Fig. 3.48, has been developed. At two different ambient temperatures two measurements at different blackbody temperatures are performed with completely assembled thermometers connected to external computers. This results in four independent sets of output values of both ambient and thermopile sensors (see Eq. 6 and 7) ... 

CNcrit, included in the calculation of critical nitrogen leaching, Ni(crit), values, the input of this endpoint parameter into the uncertainty of CL(N) is expressed in a lesser degree. Furthermore, the runoff processes are practically not significant for ecosystems of Luvic Phaeozems, Chernozems and Kashtanozems due to low P PE ratio. During the calculations of CL(N) for ecosystems of North East Asia, the values of critical immobilization and denitrification from N depositions as the endpoints both in relative and absolute meanings played a subordinate role that obviously reflects their minor contribution into uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of the computed output values of ecosystem sensitivity to acidic deposition. 

Sensitivity analysis allows the study of the relationship between the input parameters and the output values of a model (Turanyi, 1990), whereas uncertainty analysis estimates output uncertainties from input uncertainties (Saltelli et al., 2000). In order to reduce complexity, the simple model was used for the sensitivity and the uncertainty analyses since... 

The objective function was defined in terms of alkylate product, or output value minus feed and recycle costs operating costs were not reflected in the function. The total profit per day, to be maximized, is... 

Following is a sequence of steps to arrive at a precise type specification of the calendar.7 We assume that the calendar can return output values to the client and that all other interactions are internal details that should not be known to the client. We omit discussion of error conditions and exceptions for now they are covered in more detail in Section 3.6.3, Multiple Action Specs Two Styles, and Section 8.4, Action Exceptions and Composing Specs. 

The projection analyses are based on the years 2020 and 2030. To avoid overestimating the employment effects it is necessary to take into account the growth in productivity that will have taken place by this time. To do so, sector-specific productivity indices are determined, which indicate the ratio of specific employment (e.g., employment or gross output value) in the projected year to specific employment in the base year. These indices are based on data in The Impact of Technological and Structural Change on Employment (Christidis et al., 2002). 

The step change in input value from positive down to baseline initiates a change in the output reading. The system is un-damped because the output value continues to oscillate around the baseline after the input value has changed. The amplitude of these oscillations would remain constant, as shown, if no energy was lost to the surroundings. This situation is, therefore, theoretical as energy is inevitably lost, even in optimal conditions such as a vacuum. 

This algebraic system is diagrammed in Figure 1.2. The input to the system is the independent variable x. The output from the system is the dependent variable y. The transform that relates the output to the input is the well defined mathematical relationship given in Equation 1.1. The mathematical equation transforms a given value of the input, x, into an output value, y. If x = 0, then y = 2. If x = 5, then y = 7, and so on. In this simple system, the transform is known with certainty. 

Finally, the MOS should also take into account the uncertainties in the estimated exposure. For predicted exposure estimates, this requires an uncertainty analysis (Section 8.2.3) involving the determination of the uncertainty in the model output value, based on the collective uncertainty of the model input parameters. General sources of variability and uncertainty in exposure assessments are measurement errors, sampling errors, variability in natural systems and human behavior, limitations in model description, limitations in generic or indirect data, and professional judgment. 

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