Gas compressor packages

Gas turbine frame sizes are limited, and custom sizing is not done as it is with steam turbines therefore, the increment matching can only be done with a helper turbine. There is some benefit besides the power matching when used with a single-shaft turbine. The steam turbine can be used as the starter. For two-shaft turbines, a dedicated starter is needed on the gasifier turbine compressor package. 

When specifying compressor packages to API 1 IP, it may be necessary to specify certain sections of API 618 to ensure satisfactory installations. An example of this would be the supply of multiple compressors to be located in pipeline booster stations. In this case, an analog or digital pulsation and vibration study per API 618 Section 3.9 would be advisable to improve reliability and to minimize system problems and potential damage caused by gas pulsations and interaction between the individual compressor packages. 

All gas compressors should be provided with point gas detection at sealage points and especially if enclosed in a packaged module - interior area detection and at the air intake and exhaust of the driver and compressor. 

The next need for the compressor package is the driver. Most driver types applied to <500-hp loads are usually electric motors at 440-V, 60-standard. Greater loads generally call for gas-fired or steam turbines. Please see Figs. 8.10 and 8.11. These figures display the cost of adding the driver of choice. 

Figure 5 is an illustration of a compressor package which may be found useful in future air-bome applications. The weight of this unit is less than 10 lb, and the volume occupied is 200 in It varies from the previously described compressor in that there are two parallel diaphragms controlled from a common hydraulic source. The various gas and oil fittings are shown in Fig. 5, along with the transistor oscillator circuit and control valve. 

Gas turbine package witness testing. Gas turbine packages are normally assembled in large factory buildings or in the open air between factory buildings. In either case, the environment is totally imsuitable for reliahle acoustic tests to be carried out using soimd level meters alone. Sound intensity techniques are especially relevant in these situations because of the location in which the tests are to be carried out and because some components, such as the compressor test loop, may... 

Figure F-30 is an example of a system requiring compression of the gas upstreeun of the turbine. Some manufacturers offer a precompression gas conditioning package, as well as pulsation dampeners and a high-efhcienQr vertical absolute separator downstream of the compressor. Some manufacturers also offer both analog and digital simulations to solve dampening and vibration difhculties.

API Std 672, Packaged, Integrally Geared Centrifugal Air Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services, 3rd Edition, September... 

API Specification IIP Specification for Packaged Reciprocating Compressors for Oil and Gas Production Services covers packaged high-speed separable compressors with speeds from 600 to 1,200 rpm. The majority of reciprocating compressors sold in today s market fall into this category. 

More recently, the Southern Gas Association s Gas Machinery Research Council and Pipeline and Compressor Research Council cooperated with Southwest Research Institute to develop a software package that enhances reciprocating compressor operation. Several major American and foreign compressor manufacturers (and some other interested companies) have cooperated with Southwest Research Institute or developed their own proprietary pulsation-reduction design computer programs. 

Another problem in the packaging of oral liquids is lack of cleanliness of the containers before filling. Fibers and even insects often appear as debris in containers, particularly in the plastic containers used for many of these products. Many manufacturers receive containers shrink-wrapped in plastic to minimize contamination from fiberboard cartons, and many manufacturers use compressed air to clean the containers. Vapors, such as oil vapors, from the compressed air have occasionally been found to present problems, and it is a good practice to use compressed gas from oil-free compressors. 

Figures 8.10 and 8.11 are based on the driver FOB fabrication shop cost only. For the completed driver package, additional items, such as a surface condenser for the condensing steam turbine or a starting motor or air piston starter for the gas engine, are required. Tables 8.29 to 8.32 are each dedicated to providing factoring for these specific costs. Such costs will again be based on the compressor horsepower, BHP.

Compressors are used to move gases. The compressor increases the pressure of the gases. A mixtme of natural gas (Ci, C2, C3, i-C4, n-C4, i-Cs, n-Cs, n-Ce, at 100°C and 1 bar is fed into a compressor that has only 30% efficiency. The flowrate of the natural gas is 100 kgmole/h and its outlet pressure from the compressor is 5 bar. Using Peng-Robinson equation of state as a fluid package, determine the outlet temperature of the natural gas. 

The above compressor control theory is applied in the following example [15]. For more details on centrifugal compressors and their control, the interested reader is again directed to the Gas Processors Suppliers Association s Engineering Data Book [17] or the ISA Instructional Resource Package on Centrifugal and Axial Compressor Control [18]. 

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