Osmotic stabilization

Protoplasts were isolated using 2 mg mf Trichodcrma harzanium lytic enzymes and 0.7 M KCl as osmotic stabilizer in 0.05 M phosphate buffer... 

The influence of the surfactant in the modified polymers of Figure 1 on n (aqueous solutions, Table I) is not overpowering. The surfactant s influence is diminished by the amphiphilic oxyethylene units which lie interfacially flat at the aqueous-air interface. The hydrophobes are structurally similar to the surfactants providing stability to commercial latices and should be capable of competing with the classical surfactants at the latex surface, but this ability is not reflected in 7T values. The oxyethylene units have been demonstrated(18) to provide osmotic stabilization to latex particles. 

A.J. Webster and M.E. Cates Osmotic Stabilization of Concentrated Emulsions and Eoams. Langmuir 17, 595 (2001). 

Another approach to tissue oxygenation, which consists of administering an aqueous suspension of O2 nanobubbles osmotically stabilized by a volatile PFC (e.g., F-pentane) and a fluorinated surfactant, appears promising. Experimental proof of efficacy for this system includes survival of erythrocyte-depleted rats and pigs, and of pigs with potentially lethal hemorrhagic shock and with severe right-to-left shunt [33],... 

Osmotic stabilization of micron-size bubbles using a perfluorochemical... 

Menke, A., and Jockusch, H., 1991, Decreased osmotic stability of dystrophin-less muscle cells from the mdx mouse, Nature, 349, pp 69-71. 

Casagrande, L. (1952) Electro-osmotic stabilization of soils, Journal of the Boston Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. XXXIX, no. 1 reprinted in Contributions to Soil Mechanics, 1941-1953... 

The particle size of rapidly polymerized minidroplets does not or does just weakly depend on the amount of the hydrophobe [34-36]. It was found that doubling the amount of hydrophobe does not decrease the radius by a factor of 2 (as expected from a zero effective pressure), it is just that the effective pressure (pressure difference) has to be the same in every droplet, a mechanism which in principle does not depend on the amount of hydrophobe [19]. However, a minimum molar ratio of the hydrophobe to the monomer of about 1 250 is required in order to build up a sufficient osmotic pressure in the droplets exceeding the influence of the first formed polymer chains. This also explains the fact that a small amount of high molecular weight polymer, e.g., polystyrene, can barely act as an osmotic stabilizing agent here stabilization can only be achieved for the time of polymerization [37,38]. 

Approximately 1 p% of wild-type or mutant pCLI plasmid DNA is used for transformation of yeast cells. Spheroplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain GRF 18023,24 are prepared following the protocol of Burgers and Percival25 with some modification. High copy number transformants are directly selected on minimal medium plates lacking leucine and containing 8% glucose (to repress lysozyme expression) and 1 M sorbitol as an osmotic stabilizer. 

There are proton- (or OH (-linked solute carrier systems for metabolite transport and osmotic stabilization... 

Hydroxyl and hydrocarbonate can be used as starting forms of the ion exchangers. In this case, the HCO3 form is most convenient (Fig. 4) because of its osmotic stability. However, in practice the sodium method is most profitable for regeneration. 

The requirement for cell walls or some other form of osmotic stabilization is similarly an almost immediate consequence of containment of any non-ambient metabolic process. In prokaryotes, it is provided by a universal class of structures with cross-woven amino acid and amino sugar chains, which are produced inside the cell, moved across the membrane, and assembled on the outside by a sophisticated process of insertion [86]. The more recent device of cholesterol stabilization in conjunction with a tensile cytoskeleton may have emerged to enable endocytosis, and as a result has been amenable to endosymbiosis. 

Isolation of protoplasts Pure suspensions of protoplasts from P. oryzae and . oryzae were obtained using the method of Hashiba and Yamada(27). Mycelia from shaken cultures were harvested aseptically by vacuum filtration and washed twice with distilled water and once with 0.6 M Sucrose mannitol osmotic stabilizer. 

Fructose contributes useful physical and functional attributes in food and beverage applications, including sweetness, flavor enhancement, humectancy, freezing-point depression, and osmotic stability.144... 

CS Initial amount of osmotically stabilizing material in reaction medium P0 + S0 + CQ... 

Like most bacteria, the Microtox strain has many metabolic pathways which function in respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, osmotic stabilization, and transport of chemicals and nutrients into and out of the cell, and which are located within or near the cytoplasmic membrane. The luciferase pathway [9], which functions as a shunt for electrons directly to oxygen at the level of reduced flavin mono-nucleotide, is also located within the cell membrane complex. This, coupled with lack of membrane-aided compartmentalization of internal functions, gives many target sites at or near the cytoplasmic membrane. These factors all contribute to a rapid response of the organisms to a broad spectrum of toxic substances. 

Dimethylsulfoxide reductase is a molybdenum-containing enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of dimethyl sulfoniopropionate (DMSP), produced by marine algae as an osmotic stabilizer and methylating agent, to dimethyl sulfide (DMS) (Figure 20.6). DMS is subsequently oxidized to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Dimethylsulfoxide reductase contains two molecules of bound molybdopterin covalently linked to a serine residue in the enzyme. 

Osmotic Swelling. Changes in the osmotic stability of the organelles were monitored spectrophotometrically at 550 nm for chloroplasts and thylakoids, and at 520 nm for mitochondria. 

Physiological functions Physical protection Osmotic stability... 

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