Lytic enzyme

Recovery. The principal purpose of recovery is to remove nonproteinaceous material from the enzyme preparation. Enzyme yields vary, sometimes exceeding 75%. Most industrial enzymes are secreted by a microorganism, and the first recovery step is often the removal of whole cells and other particulate matter (19) by centrifugation (20) or filtration (21). In the case of ceU-bound enzymes, the harvested cells can be used as is or dismpted by physical (eg, bead mills, high pressure homogenizer) and/or chemical (eg, solvent, detergent, lysozyme [9001 -63-2] or other lytic enzyme) techniques (22). Enzymes can be extracted from dismpted microbial cells, and ground animal (trypsin) or plant (papain) material by dilute salt solutions or aqueous two-phase systems (23). 

As seen on Table IV RGase A is only able to solubilize 7% of the CWM, whereas addition of RGAE and galactanase increases the solubilisation to 17% and 44% respectively. The solubilisation of the CWM by RGase B is less dependent on the presence of the other pectino-lytic enzymes, as 37% are solubilized with RGase B alone. 

Protoplasts were isolated using 2 mg mf Trichodcrma harzanium lytic enzymes and 0.7 M KCl as osmotic stabilizer in 0.05 M phosphate buffer... 

The morphology of AM fungal structures developing outside and inside the root is conserved even in the rhizosphere of transgenic plants, where accumulation of antifungal plant defense products—such as lytic enzymes (e.g., chi-... 

Figure 4 Stabilized bromine antimicrobials are produced by eosinophils, a type of mammalian white blood cell. Bacteria are captured by phagocytosis and contained intracellularly within vesicles called phagosomes. Granules release cationic surfactants, lytic enzymes, and eosinophil peroxidase into the phagosome in a process known as degranulation. Eosinophil peroxidase, an enzyme that is structurally similar to the bromoperoxidases found in seaweed (Figure I), selectively catalyzes oxidation of bromide to hypobromite by reducing hydrogen peroxide to water. The hypobromite immediately reacts with nitrogenous stabilizers such as aminoethanesulfonic acid (taurine) to form more effective and less toxic antimicrobial agents.

Surfactants, Detergents, and Enzymes Bioactive peptides, lytic enzymes, anionic surfactants Biodispersants and Biodetergents... 

Exit of the virus from the cell occurs as a result of cell lysis. The phage codes for a lytic enzyme, the T4 lysozyme, which causes an attack on the peptidoglycan of the host cell. The burst size of the virus (the average number of phage particies per cell) depends upon how rapidly lysis occurs. If lysis occurs early, then a smaller burst size occurs, whereas slower lysis leads to a higher burst size. The wild type phage exhibits the phenomenon of lysis inhibition, and therefore has a large burst size, but rapid lysis mutants, in which lysis occurs early, show smaller burst sizes. 

The lytic enzyme systems, active against yeast cell walls, usually contain l,3-/ -glucanases, proteases, mannanases, chitinases, and 1,6-) -glucanases. The proportion of those enzyme activities, their action pattern, synergism, and dependence on inhibitors constitute the activity profile... 

En me Preparation. The four 1,3-j -glucanases, GI, GII, GIV, and GVIII were purified from lytic enzyme system produced by Streptomyces sp. 1228 using methods previously described (17). 

The experiment based on the two-level factorial design as described by Box and Wilson (19) was carried out in order to check the influence of the individual glucanases (g ) of Streptomyces sp. 1228 lytic enzymes system on the degree of yeast cell lysis (y). 

An antibiotic inhibition zone often appears around Trichoderma spp. interacting with other fungi. The genus contains many species which produce secondary metabolites. Claydon et al. (23) have identified an antibiotic from T. harzianum as a volatile, 6-n-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one this was recently shown to be an active antibiotic from T. koningii (24). The volatile appeared to be the factor responsible for the coconut smell of some biocontrol-effective strains of T. harzianum (25). However, in a Petri-plate assay, it can be difficult to be certain that antibiosis is involved. As well as competitive growth, lytic enzymes could also contribute to the action and Trichoderma has been shown to produce / -l,3-glucanase and chitinase (26-29). 

Enzyme Treatment. There are a number of enzymes which hydrolyze the microbial cell wall constituents. Enzymes exhibiting these activities include lysozyme, enzyme from snail extract and lytic enzyme systems of microbial origin composed of proteases,... 

Type III hypersensitivity is due to the presence of elevated levels of antigen-antibody complexes that deposit on basement membranes in tissues and vessels. Immune complex deposition activates complement to produce components with anaphylatoxic and chemotactic activities (C5a, C3a, C4a) that increase vascular permeability and recruit neutrophils to the site of complex deposition. Complex deposition and the action of lytic enzymes released by neutrophils can cause skin rashes, glomerulonephritis, and arthritis in these individuals. If patients have type III hypersensitivity against a particular antigen, clinical symptoms usually occur 3-4 days after exposure to the antigen. 

Mainly used to indicate living cells after digestion of the outer cell wall via lytic enzymes. The protoplasma of these cells is still enclosed by the undestroyed plasma-membrane. 

Phage Lysozymes and Other Lytic Enzymes Akira Tsugita... 

Phagocytosis, granule release, lytic enzymes, prostaglandins... 

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