Oscillatoria spongeliae

Marine sponge - Dysidea sp. Cyanobacteria - Oscillatoria spongeliae... 

Berthold RJ, Borowitzka MA, Mackay MA (1982) The Ultrastructure of Oscillatoria spongeliae, the Blue-Green Algal Endosymbiont of the Sponge Dysidea herbacea. Phycologia 21 327... 

Hinde R, Pironet F, Borowitzka MA (1994) Isolation of Oscillatoria spongeliae, the Filamentous Cyanobacterial Symbiont of the Marine Sponge Dysidea herbacea. Mar Biol 119 99... 

Thacker RW, Starnes S (2003) Host Specificity of the Symbiotic Cyanobacterium Oscillatoria spongeliae in Marine Sponges, Dysidea spp. Mar Biol 142 643... 

Ridley CP, Berquist PR, Harper MK, Faulkner DJ, Hooper JNA, Haygood MG (2005) Speciation and Biosynthetic Variation in Four Dictyoceratid Sponges and Their Cyano-bacterial Symbiont, Oscillatoria spongeliae. Chem Biol 12 397... 

Berthold, R. J., Borowitzka, M. A., and Mackay, M.A., The ultrastructure of Oscillatoria spongeliae, the blue-green algal endosymbiont of the sponge Dysidea herbacea, Phycologia, 21, 327, 1982. 

Ridley, C. P., Faulkner, D. J., and Haygood, M. G. (2005). Investigation of Oscillatoria spongeliae-dominated bacterial communities in four dictyoceratid sponges. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71(11), 7366-7375. 

The genus Oscillatoria (order Oscillatoriales, 64 compounds total) has a much broader distribution of isolated compounds among different species as compared to the other genera of cyanobacteria 30% comes from undetermined species, 28% from Oscillatoria agardhii, 19% from Oscillatoria nigroviridis, and 13% from Oscillatoria spongelia. The species Oscillatoria raoi and Oscillatoria acutissima are responsible for 3% each and Oscillatoria rosea and Oscillatoria amphibia each accounts for 2%. 

The polybrominated diphenyl ether derivatives have also been reported to inhibit enzymes implicated in tumor development and artherosclerotic plague which indicates their potential as promising candidates for therapeutic agents [186]. It was previously shown that the symbiotic cyanobacterium, Oscillatoria spongeliae produces the polybrominated diphenyl ether [187, 188]. The marine sponge Dysidea herbacea collected from Indonesia, yielded a series of polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners [189, 190]. D. herbacea occurs in two chemotypes [188] - one chemotype contains both polychlorinated amino acid derivatives [191, 192] and sesquiterpenes [193, 194], while the second chemotype contains... 

Ridley, C.P., Bergquist, P.R., Harper, M.K., Faulkner, D.J., Hooper, J.N. A., and Haygood, M.G. (2005a) Speciation and biosynthetic variation in four dictyoceratid sponges and their cyanobacteria symbiont, Oscillatoria spongeliae. Chem. Biol, 12, 397-406. 

It is also known that several halogenated metabolites of the dictyoceratid sponge Dysidea herbacea are produced by the cyanobaderium Oscillatoria spongeliae and that filamentous cyanobacteria of the genus Beggiatoa are the source of many metabolites of lithistid sponges, which are all repellents or toxic to fish (Unson and Faulkner, 1993 Fatdkner et al., 1993 Faulkner, Unson, and Bewley, 1994 Unson, Holland, and Faulkner, 1994 Bewley and Fatdkner, 1998 Schmidt, Bewley, and Faulkner, 1998 D Auria, Zampella, and Zollo, 2002 Ridley et al., 2005). 

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