Ornamental layers

For ornamental layers bright golden yellow TiN and yellow-green ZrN, as well as... 

The fact that the composition of the speculum deposit must be closely controlled to obtain the best results has been a serious drawback to development. The coating finds uses on decorative hollow-ware, oil lamps and tableware. The bronze deposits with 10 or 20% tin are used lacquered in decorative metal-ware for domestic and personal ornament and, in thick layers to protect hydraulic pit props against corrosion and abrasion. They have also been used with success as undercoatings for nickel-chromium or tin-nickel alloy deposits. 

Shakudo. Shakudo is a copper alloy used in Japan since the third century b.c.e. for making decorative and ornamental objects. In addition to copper it also includes gold (1—4%), silver (about 2%), and lead (about 1%). Occasionally gold replaced part or even all of the silver. Exposed shakudo surfaces acquire a layer of patina consisting mainly of the mineral cuprite (composed of cuprous oxide), which exhibits a characteristic shine. Varying amounts of gold in the alloy are said to have a marked effect on the color and the shine (Notts 1988 Oguchi 1983). 

Cutlery or ornaments made of silver tarnish and become black this is a shame, because clean, shiny silver is very attractive. The tarnish comprises a thin layer of silver that has oxidized following contact with the air to form black silver(I) oxide ... 

Clockwise from top left) Biodegradable mulches An ornamental bark mulch, good around shrubs and at the base of hedges lawn clippings used as a mulch in the vegetable plot, here spread over layers of newspaper (see also overleaf)] one-year-old leaf mold well-rotted straw. 

Feathers in museum collections are often part of composite objects, since few items are ever made of nothing but feathers. Hats, hair ornaments, and fans are common feathered objects (Figure 6.10). Less common are baskets with feather decoration, like those of the Pomo Indians of Northern California, and capes and headdresses covered with a dense layer of feathers, like those created by the native Hawaiians. Many cultures used feathers in religious or spiritual objects, in trophies of the hunt, and in symbols of authority or power. These may take the form of clothing, personal decoration, or ceremonial objects. 

L.), the leaves at emergence are covered with a smooth amorphous wax, but plates of crystalline wax form on the amorphous wax within 1 or 2 days (9). After 3 or 4 weeks from emergence, a smooth layer of coalescence wax is deposited over the wax plates (9). The thickness also varies with plant species, age of the plant, surface of the leaf assayed, and environmental conditions, especially light. Wax thickness and ornamentation have recently been correlated with contact angles of droplets of spray formulations applied to the adaxial (upper) surface (1,2,4,5). 

The nut shells make useful utensils or can be used as a decorative material. When the rough, fibrous layer is ground away the resulting brown surface can take a good polish and is an attractive, warm brown colour. The material can be cut into any shape and used for inexpensive jewellery, as buttons, or as ornamentation on clothes (Figs 12.2 and 12.10). Left whole, the shells have also been made into decorative cups and mounted in silver or silver gilt, or on carved ivory stands, in the same way as calabashes or ostrich eggs (Fig. 12.12). 

The attractive appearance of silver has caused it to be in great demand for ornamental purposes. As has been mentioned, its main disadvantage lies in the ease with which it tarnishes, particularly in our centres of industry because of the presence of sulphur compounds in the atmosphere which induce the formation of a black, dull superficial layer of silver sulphide. 

Method of Preparation Branches and other small diameter wood are chipped into 1-3 inch pieces, preferably in the spring when the sap content is highest. This material is spawned with sawdust/bran (4 1) and made into prepared beds outdoors amongst ornamental shade plants (especially rhododendrons) or tall grass. Another method is to use sawdust/bran or rye grain spawn to inoculate soaked corrugated cardboard. When fully colonized, sheets of cardboard are laid at the bottom of trays which are Then covered with a 2-4 inch layer of freshly cut alder chips. (Wood chips are far superior to sawdust as a fruiting substrate). 

The layers are prepared for enhancing the abrasive resistance of the components, for ornamental purposes and layers in electronic devices, most of them for preventing the interaction of Si with other metals. 

The deposition of TiN and ZrN on glass for windows represents a combination of ornamental application with the economic constraint of energy saving in buildings. ZrN layers, especially, have been found to exhibit favorable properties for transparent heat mirrors, i.e. windows which transmit visible light but reflect heat radiation [114). 

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