Hollow-ware

Penn, J. H. and Murray, G. A. W., Effect of Acidic Gelatinous Materials on Pitting Corrosion of Aluminium Hollow-ware , Br. Corros. J., 2, 193 (1967)... 

Major uses of the ferritic steels have been on motor vehicles as trim and in domestic equipment such as cutlery and hollow ware, but use has also been made in refrigerators, washing machines and on sinks and similar fittings. Some types would no doubt find much wider application in the chemical field and other fields where their superior corrosion resistance would be a considerable advantage if it was not for the fact that the austenitic types have advantages (sometimes considerable) in fabrication. However, the availability of the low interstitial weldable types and the super ferritics is increasing in scope. 

The fact that the composition of the speculum deposit must be closely controlled to obtain the best results has been a serious drawback to development. The coating finds uses on decorative hollow-ware, oil lamps and tableware. The bronze deposits with 10 or 20% tin are used lacquered in decorative metal-ware for domestic and personal ornament and, in thick layers to protect hydraulic pit props against corrosion and abrasion. They have also been used with success as undercoatings for nickel-chromium or tin-nickel alloy deposits. 

Pressing, or hollow-ware squeezing, is a more laborious manipulation connected with this branch of manufacture. 

Silica melts at 1710°. Even when slowly cooled the molten material sets to a vitreous, non-crystalline solid. Its plastic range allows masses to be forged and hollow ware to be blown its low coefficient of expansion renders it immune to thermal shock its transparency especially to u.v. makes it suitable for lenses and prisms. Specially pure synthetic silica is now made for laboratory ware used in preparing the pure materials required by the electrical industry (e.g. transistors), and for optical parts calling for minimum absorption. 

Similar processes applied to the shaping of fiat-ware and hollow-ware, respectively. 

Rods, tubes, and hollow ware 398 Other forms (specify kind)... 

One of the most far-reaching improvements on the manufacturing side of the industry was the introduction of Nasmyth s steam-hammer process circa 1840. It was on the suggestion of a foreman at the Old Hall works — Mr Pinson, afterwards of Pinson and Evans — that Nasmyth (1808 to 1890) made alterations in his steam hammer and adapted it for use in stamping articles of hollow-ware from steel and iron sheets. Originally all tin articles such as tea and coffee pots, saucepans and kettles, were made entirely by hand, but a slow and laborious method of stamping had been evolved just before Nasmyth s patent was applied. The hammer head was raised by hand by means of a winch, and later by steam, but Nasmyth s invention revolutionised the industry, and since then the machinery for the production of hollow-ware and pressed metal-ware generally has been continually improved by new inventions and adaptations. 

FIGURE 26.11 Automatic fabrication of hollow ware (a) formation of the blank by blowing followed by blowing In a mold (blow and blow) (b) formation of the blank by pressing followed by blowing (press and blow). 

Specialty glass The pressed-and-blown or hollow-ware industry is comprised of over one hundred companies in United States. The wide variety of products is divided into categories of pressed-and-blown glass for table, kitchen, art and novelty applications and products of purchased glass. 

Acid Frosting. The etching of glass hollow-ware with HF or a fluoride. 

Back Stamp. The maker s name and/or trademark stamped on the back of pottery flatware or under the foot of hollow-ware. 

One method of shaping pottery hollow-ware in a jolley (q.v.) a ball of the prepared body is placed in the bottom of the plaster mould and is then run up the sides of the mould as it rotates. 

Blank Mould. The metal mould in which the PARisoN (q.v.) is shaped in glass hollow-ware production. 

Box Kiln. A relatively small industrial intermittent kiln of box-like shape Boxing. The placing of biscuit hollow-ware, e.g. cups, rim to rim one on another this helps to prevent distortion during firing. 

Chum. A shaped block of wood or plaster on which a bat of pottery body can be roughly shaped before it is placed in the mould for jolleying in the making of large items of hollow-ware a piece of flannel is placed over the chum before it... 

Drain Casting or Hollow Casting. Terms used (more particularly in USA) for the slip-casting process for making hollow-ware, the excess slip being drained by inversion of the mould. 

Dump. An item of kiln furniture (q.v.) designed for use in a ring - a bottomless saggar - for the support of large hollow-ware, e.g. basins. Dumps may also be used as spacers in a crank (q.v.). 

Flat-ware. Plates, saucers, dishes, etc. (cf. hollow-ware). 

Flow Process. A method of producing flat glass by allowing molten glass to flow continuously from a tank furnace between rollers. The term is sometimes also applied to a process for making hollow-ware, but this is more correctly referred to as the gob process ... 

Hollow-ware. Cups, basins etc. (cf. flat-ware). Recent American usage spells this holloware, particularly when applied to glassware. 

Jolley Jolleying. Terms applied to the shaping of hollow-ware in the same senses as jigger (q.v.) and jiggering are applied to the shaping of flat-ware. 

Lathe. A machine for turning unfired hollow-ware, e.g. cups or vases. 

Plug. Part of a glass-blowing machine for hollow-ware it moves in a blank-mould with a reciprocating action, forming a cavity for blowing this part is sometimes referred to as a plunger. (See also... 

Throwing. The method of shaping pottery hollow-ware in which a ball of the prepared body is thrown on a revolving potter s wheel, where it is centred and then worked into shape with the hands. The process is now chiefly used by studio potters, although a small amount of high-class commercial pottery is still made in this way. 

Whirlering. The plaster moulds for bone-china hollow-ware are often revolved on a turntable while they are being filled with slip this is known as whirlering . The object is to prevent wreathing (q.v.). 

---