Orientation-imaging

Form of Data. Databases can be classified in many ways. One method is by form of data representation, ie, data may be in the form of words, numbers, images, or sounds. The corresponding databases may then be considered to be word-oriented, number-oriented, image-oriented (video), or sound-oriented (audio). Data representation affects file stmctures and software for search and data retrieval. Thus the stmctures and search techniques vary considerably among these four basic classes. Table 1 gives databases as classified by form of data representation. 

Another new and much used variant is a procedure called orientation imaging microscopy (Adams ci al. 199.5) patterns created by electrons back-scattered from a grain are automatically interpreted by a computer program, then the grain examined is automatically changed, and finally the orientations so determined are used to create an image of the polycrystal with the grain boundaries colour- or thickness-... 

Orientation Imaging Microscopy D J Dingley, D P Field and S I Wright... 

D. H., (2004), Orientation imaging microscopy in two-dimensional crystals via undersampled microscopy , Appl. Phys. A - Materials Science and Processing, 78 (3) 387-392. 

It is clear that rays at the outer rim of the lens contribute most to the depolarization effects. To exploit the depolarization effects for the same type of orientational imaging observed for the SNOM, it has been proposed to use ring-like (annular) illumination [43]. An annular beam can be easily created by removing the central part of the excitation beam using a simple beam stop as symbolized by the black disk in Fig. 7(a). The resulting confocal scan images show very nicely the different effective patterns that can be attributed to different absorption dipole orientations. Some of the patterns are labeled by the respective orientation (see Fig. 7(b)). For details see [42,43],... 

B. Sick, B. Hecht and L. Novotny, Orientational imaging of single molecules by annular illumination, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 4482 (2000). 

Other names instead of EBSD are Backscatter Kikuchi Diffraction (BKD), Electron Backscatter Pattern Technique (EBSP), Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM ), or Automated Crystal Orientation Mapping (ACOM). In combination with electrochemical studies only ex situ applications are possible. 

Baatz, M. et al. 2006. Object-oriented image analysis for high content screening detailed quantification of cells and sub cellular structures with the Cellenger software. Cytometry A 69, 652-658. 

The microstructure described above may be seen as the most homogeneous limit of those we will consider here. A complementary set of information concerning microstructures of the type featured above can be obtained by mapping the orientations of the various grains making up the polycrystal. The basic idea is that one may determine the preponderance of different crystal orientations. The new technique of orientation imaging microscopy now allows for the determination of such orientational information with high spatial resolution. An example of the type of results that are obtained via this technique is shown in fig. 10.3. 

Orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) maps were obtained from electron backscattering diffraction pattern (EBSP) using JEOL JXA8100 electron probe micro-analyzer with OIM software provided by TexSEM Lab., Inc. 

S. Osher and L. I. Rudin. Feature-oriented image enhancement using shock filters. SIAM J. Numerical Anal., 27(4] 919-940,1990. 

Region oriented Image patch No Low It was not selected because requires manual interaetion to obtain the seed point that must be planted, also segmentation ean be sensitive to noise, partial volume effects can cause separate regions to become connected. 

Average image of 34 oriented images of reconstituted CFqFi in the frozen hydrated state... 

TEM Determines aU types of clay nanostructures Analysis not dependent on order of clay Determination of d spacing between clay layers (cabbration with internal standard) Observes orientation Image processing Labour iuteusive sample preparatiou, aualysis... 

In these entities, the first orienting imaging is hy ultrasound (US) including colour Doppler sonography (CDS), mainly to rule out nutcracker syndrome of the (retro-aortal) left renal vein or tumours that can also manifest with haematuria (Fig. 19.1) (also see Sect. 19.5). In post-renal mac-rohaematuria, particularly when painful or with colic, renal calculi must he considered and further radiological imaging may then he required additionally, such as abdominal plain film, IVU or CT (see Chap. 20). 

---