Organs liver

The first step of a chemical study should be the quantitative measurements of coelenterazine, dehydrocoelenterazine, and a coelenter-azine-specific luciferase, in the light organs, liver, digestive tract (with empty stomach), and eggs if available (see Section C5 of Appendix for the method). A clear, unequivocal presence of a coelenterazine luciferase indicates the involvement of a luciferin-luciferase system,... 

The distribution of a chemical in tissue depends on the binding/par-titioning between circulatory blood and tissues, the transfer across biological membranes and the tissue-blood perfusion. After incorporation, contaminants are distributed from blood to high perfusion tissues (e.g. liver, kidney), then to low perfusion ones (skin, muscle) and finally to lipoidal tissues [2], establishing kinetically different compartments (internal organs > liver > head skin) and different times to equilibrium [18]. Surfactants (LAS, AS, AES, AEO and APEO) have been... 

To acquire information on the intrinsic metabolic activity of aquatic organisms, liver of carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus), rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and freshwater snail (Cipango-paludina japonica Martens) was dissected out, homogenized in 0.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, and centrifuged at 105,000 g for 60 min to obtain the microsome-equivalent (described as the microsomal fraction hereafter) fraction. The protein content of microsomal and submicrosomal (supernatant fractions by Lowry s method, microsomal P-450 content ( ), activity of aniline hydroxylase (4) and aminopyrine N-demethylase (5) were determined. 

A clinical study of 21 females and 21 males used to determine the efficacy of using aspirin dissolved in chloroform which was then applied topically to patients infected with herpes zoster and post-therapeutic neuralgia with painful skin lesions has been reported. When an aspirin/chloroform combination (approximately 43.3 mg/mL) was applied, the only reported side-effect was an occasional burning sensation on the skin as the chloroform evaporated from the skin surface however, the possible impact on other major body organs (liver, kidney, etc.) was not investigated (King 1993). 

Arfellini et al. (1984) reported a greater degree of binding to DNA in organs (liver, kidneys, lung and stomach) of mice than in those of rats (1.45-2.26-fold) 22 h after intraperitoneal administration of equivalent single doses of 8.7 pmol/kg bw. 

Organs Liver Heart Spleen Lung Kidney... 

Five- to 21-day-old white rats were used. The animals were placed into groups according to the amount of iron they had received in iron supplemented cow s milk for either one ("non-pretreated") or four days ("pretreated"). Iron doses were from 52 to 1000 ug Fe/ml milk. Radioisotopes (Mn-54 or Fe-59) were always administered by the artificial "drop-by-drop" feeding procedure (99). The radioactivity was determined in selected organs (liver, kidney, spleen, brain, femure, intestinal tract, stomach) in addition to measurements of the whole body and carcass. 

For almost 50 years following the description of Wilson disease, there was no effective treatment for this progressive fatal disorder. The damage to vital organs (liver, brain, kidney) in Wilson disease is caused by the toxic action exerted by excessive amounts of copper deposited primarily in these organs. There are several pharmacologic regimens and therapeutic modalities available for the treatment of Wilson disease (Table 2). 

Mode of Action In the HAA class, significant differences in mode of action have been demonstrated for DCA and TCA. Despite the close structural resemblance of DCA and TCA and their common target organ (liver cancer induction), it is becoming clear that the mechanisms by which they act are... 

While various types of lung cancer have been noted in humans, all known human pulmonary carcinogens are taken into the body by inhalation. It is equally important that inhaled chemicals can cause neoplasms at sites elsewhere in the body. For example, exposure to vinyl chloride, butadiene, acrylonitrile, and ethylene oxide by inhalation may produce a significant increase in cancer incidence in other organs (liver, brain, and blood) as well as in the... 

According to a recent review (Gijsen etal. 1996), 31 transferases have been cloned and can therefore be obtained from culture cells. The cost of these enzymes will undoubtedly remain rather high for a while, taking into account the time it takes to set up the cloning procedure. In fact, efficient syntheses can be achieved with partially purified enzymic preparations extracted from mammal organs (liver, kidney, brain) purchased at the butcher s shop. 

No statistically significant increase in SMR was obtained in the Sinks et al. (1992) analysis tor the following cancer sites buccal cavity-pharynx, digestive organs, liver-biliary passages-gallbladder, pancreas, rectum, respiratory system, kidney, lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue, and brain and nervous system. 

Sasaki, Y. F., Izumiyama, F., Nishidate, E., Matsusaka, N., and Tsuda, S. (1997a). Detection of rodent liver carcinogen genotoxicity by the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay in multiple mouse organs (liver, lung, spleen, kidney, and bone marrow). Mutat Res 391, 201-214. 

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