Feeds procedures

Bottom-Feed Procedure The procedure for coUecting data using bottom-feed leaf test techniques is as follows ... 

Top-Feed Procedure The sequence of operations with a top-feed leaf test is the same as in a bottom-feed test, except that the leaf is not immersed in the sluriy. The best method for transferring the slurry to the top-feed leaf is, of course, a function of the characteristics of the sluriy. If the particles in the sluriy do not settle rapidly, the feed can usually be transferred to the leaf from a beaker. If, however, the particles settle veiy rapidly, it is virtually impossible to pour the slurry out of a beaker satisfactorily. In this case, the best method is to make use of an Erlenmeyer flask, preferably one made of plastic. The slurry is swirled in the flask until it is completely suspended and then abruptly inverted over the leaf. This technique will ensure that all of the sohds are transferred to the leaf. 

Five- to 21-day-old white rats were used. The animals were placed into groups according to the amount of iron they had received in iron supplemented cow s milk for either one ("non-pretreated") or four days ("pretreated"). Iron doses were from 52 to 1000 ug Fe/ml milk. Radioisotopes (Mn-54 or Fe-59) were always administered by the artificial "drop-by-drop" feeding procedure (99). The radioactivity was determined in selected organs (liver, kidney, spleen, brain, femure, intestinal tract, stomach) in addition to measurements of the whole body and carcass. 

The monomers, styrene, and methyl methacrylate (Aldrich) and ethyl methacrylate and n-butyl acrylate (Fluka) were purified prior to use. The crosslinking agent used in the synthesis of these semi-1-IPNs was tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (Fluka). The emulsion polymerisation (90 C) was initiated with ammonium persulphate/sodium metabisulphite (both from BDH) and the resulting latex, which was prepared by a seed and feed procedure, was stabilised with sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (OT75 from Cyanamid). 

Feeding experiment. Feeding procedures were essentially same as previously reported. Briefly, the stable isotope labeled amino acids and tryptamine were gelled by agarose (Type VII Sigma) and the gel was fed to the specimens in a small dish. After feeding over 10 days, Cypridina luciferin was extracted from 4 animals with ethanol and the extracts were served to LC/ESI-TOF-MS analyses. LC/ESI-TOF-MS. LC/ESI-TOF-MS was performed with an Agilent 1100 HPLC... 

Based on limited pharmacokinetic and toxicological data, the F.D.A. has set upper permissible levels of 0.05 ppm in meat for human consumption (34). The isotope residue studies of Herberg et al. report that under current feeding procedures cattle liver... 

Besides seed and feed procedures, batch polymerizations with a free monomer phase are also very popular. In these so-called ab initio polymerizations, water, emulsifier and monomer are charged into the reactor and allowed thermally to equilibrate under gentle stirring. Then, the polymerization is started by adding initiator. The stirrer speed is, compared to suspension polymerization, only of minor importance as both the final particle sizes and particle properties are not governed by the... 

Ciftci, T., Constantinides, A., and Wang, S. S. Optimization of conditions and cell feeding procedures for alcohol fermentation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 25(8), 2007-2023, 1983. 

This field guide, like the other books in this series, provides the information needed to do the work. Useful tables and easy-to-follow illustrations help system operators perform the chemical feed procedures described in the references. Field guides get straight to the point and provide the necessary information to perform the most common procedures. This approach leads the operator to the most useful solutions without needlessly complicating the issue with every possibility. 

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