Pesticides, organophosphorus compounds

Eldred DV, Jurs PC. Prediction of acute mammalian toxicity of organophosphorus pesticide compounds from molecular structure. SAR QSAR Environ Res 1999 10 75-99. 

A potentiation of neuropathy has been observed in studies involving administration of -hexane or methyl -butyl ketone with O-ethyl-O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate (EPN) (Abou-Donia 1983 Abou-Doniaetal. 1985). Administration of each compound individually resulted in peripheral neuropathy. The peripheral neuropathy observed when /7-hexane or methyl n-butyl ketone was administered simultaneously with EPN was more severe and had an earlier onset (Abou-Donia et al. 1985). The potential interactive effect of multiple exposures to different organophosphorus pesticides on delayed neuropathy has not been characterized (Chemiack 1988). 

Accelerated solvent extraction is a new technique for the extraction of a range of organic pollutants from soils and related material. The technique is based on the use of a solvent or combination of solvents to extract organic pollutants at elevated pressure and temperature from a solid matrix. The range of organic pollutants for which the technique is proposed includes semivolatile compounds, organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides, chlorinated herbicides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [53-56],... 

Mitchell TH, Ruzicka JH, Thomson J, et al. 1968. The chromatographic determination of organophosphorus pesticides. Part III. The effect of irradiation on the parent compounds. J Chromatogr 32 17-23. 

The potential use of substitute crop protectants in areas where contamination has been discovered and the general lack of Information with respect to the leaching properties and groundwater persistence of many carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides make It Imperative to Investigate the degradation behavior of a broad range of these compounds. 

The mode of injection in GC-based methods can affect the recoveries of diazinon. In a study of the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in milk and butterfat, it was found that the recoveries of diazinon from butterfat, calculated relative to organic solutions of standard compounds, were 125% and 84% for splitless and hot on-column injections, respectively (Emey et al. 1993). Recoveries from milk were not dependent on the mode of injection. It was concluded that the sample matrix served to increase diazinon transfer to the GC column by reducing thermal stress imposed on the analytes and by blocking active sites within the injector. Therefore, on-column injection should be used in order to prevent bias when organic solutions of standard compounds are used for quantitation if this is not possible, the matrix must be present at low concentrations or the calibration standards must be prepared in residue-free samples to avoid unknown bias. 

Model compounds (simulants) are often used to estimate the reactivity of organophosphorus pesticides and warfare agents toward potential remediation technologies because of their availability and ease of handling [5-18]. The structures of select organophosphorus pesticides, chemical warfare agents, and model compounds (simulants) are presented in Fig. 1. 

Additional methods considered for 304(h) rule making and the parameters measured are the following (the numbers in parentheses indicate the number of compounds included in the method) 622, organophosphorus pesticides (19) 623, 4,4 -methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) 626, acrolein and acrylonitrile (2) 627, dinitroaniline pesticides (5) 628, carbofuran 629, cyanazine 630, dithiocarbamates (15) 631, carbendazim and benomyl 632, carbamate and urea pesticides (7) and 633, organonitrogen pesticides (7). Most of these are... 

Macroreticular resins, particularly the Amberlite XAD series, have been used extensively to isolate and concentrate trace organic compounds from drinking water (1-8). We have previously reported the use of an XAD cartridge for this purpose and have evaluated the system for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) (4), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (5), phosphate triesters (TAAPs) (6), or-... 

High-performance LC in the reversed-phase mode (RP-8 or RP-18 column) with UV detection (254 nm) and isocratic conditions was evaluated for the analysis of 15 organophosphorus pesticides. Typically the method could be used to analyze azinphosmethyl in water at 0.5 /rg/L. This compares favorably with GC, since this compound is very difficult to analyze by that method. For other pesticides, such as fenitrothion, which is readily analyzed by GC, the HPLC method can be used for confirmation purposes (31). 

Y. Pico, A. J. H. Louter, J. J. Vreuls and U. A. Th Brinkman, On-line trace-level enrichment gas chromatography of triazine herbicides, organophosphorus pesticides and organosulfur compounds from drinking and surface waters , Analyst 119 2025 -2031... 

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