Organic compounds Organophosphorus pesticides

This method is applicable to the extraction of seml-volatile organic compounds, organophosphorus pesticides, organochlorine pesticides, chlorinated herbicides, PCBs and PCDDs/PCDFs, which may then be analysed by a variety of chromatographic procedures. 

Organophosphate or Organophosphorus Compound—A phosphorus containing organic compound and especially a pesticide that acts by inhibiting cholinesterase. 

Another growing technique is super-critical fluid chromatography. Recent references to soil analysis include the following applications aliphatic hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorobiphenyls, dioxins, alkyl and aryl phosphates, chloro, organophosphorus, triazine, substituted urea, phenoxy acetic acid, Dacthal herbicides and insecticides and mixtures of herbicides and pesticides and mixtures of organic compounds. 

Accelerated solvent extraction is a new technique for the extraction of a range of organic pollutants from soils and related material. The technique is based on the use of a solvent or combination of solvents to extract organic pollutants at elevated pressure and temperature from a solid matrix. The range of organic pollutants for which the technique is proposed includes semivolatile compounds, organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides, chlorinated herbicides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [53-56],... 

The mode of injection in GC-based methods can affect the recoveries of diazinon. In a study of the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in milk and butterfat, it was found that the recoveries of diazinon from butterfat, calculated relative to organic solutions of standard compounds, were 125% and 84% for splitless and hot on-column injections, respectively (Emey et al. 1993). Recoveries from milk were not dependent on the mode of injection. It was concluded that the sample matrix served to increase diazinon transfer to the GC column by reducing thermal stress imposed on the analytes and by blocking active sites within the injector. Therefore, on-column injection should be used in order to prevent bias when organic solutions of standard compounds are used for quantitation if this is not possible, the matrix must be present at low concentrations or the calibration standards must be prepared in residue-free samples to avoid unknown bias. 

Macroreticular resins, particularly the Amberlite XAD series, have been used extensively to isolate and concentrate trace organic compounds from drinking water (1-8). We have previously reported the use of an XAD cartridge for this purpose and have evaluated the system for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) (4), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (5), phosphate triesters (TAAPs) (6), or-... 

The complexity of the immune system renders it readily attacked by many chemicals. Such attack may result, for example, in organ damage in the thymus, bone, and lymph nodes as well as in cellular pathology in immunocompetent cells. More than 350 different compounds have been identified as immunotoxinsJ5 6 Table 25.1 contains a representative list of these. This list includes heavy metals, chlorinated and organophosphorus pesticides, aromatic hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, organic solvents, and many widely used chemicals. Many lipophilic and hydrophilic chemicals are immunotoxins and the immunotoxicity of these compounds is manifest via multiple mechanisms. 

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