Polychlorinated organics

Pruell, R.J., N.I. Rubenstein, B.K. Taplin, J.A. LiVolsi, and R.D. Bowen. 1993. Accumulation of polychlorinated organic contaminants from sediment by three benthic marine species. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 24 290-297. 

Martens D, Gfrerer M, Wenzl T, Zhang A, Gawlik BM, Schramm K-W, Lankmayr E, Kettrup A. Comparison of different extraction techniques for the determination of polychlorinated organic compounds in sediment. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2002 372 562-568. 

Eriksson P (1996) Developmental neurotoxicology in the neonate-effects of pesticides and polychlorinated organic substances. Arch Toxicol Suppl 18 81-88 Eriksson P, Viberg H, Fischer C, Wallin M, Frediiksson A (2002) A comparison of developmental neurotoxic effects of hexabromo cyclododecane, 2,2, 4,4, 5,5 -hexabromodiphenylether (PBDE 153) and 2,2, 4,4, 5,5 -hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153). Organohalogen Comp 57 389-392... 

Jiang, X., Xu, S.F., et al., 2000. Polychlorinated organic contaminants in waters, suspended solids and sediments of the Nanjing section, Yangtze River. China Environ. Sci. (Chinese) 20, 193-197. 

Yang, Y., Liu, M., et al., 2002. Distribution of polychlorinated organic compounds in Yangtze estuary and its correlation with TOC and particle size. Shanghai Environ. Sci. (Chinese) 21, 530-533. 

Zhang, X.F., Quan, X., Chen, J.W., Zhao, Y.Z., Chen, S., Xue, D.M., Yang, F.L., 2000d. Investigation of polychlorinated organic compounds (PCOCs) in middle and lower reaches of Liaohe River. China Environ. Sci. (Chinese), 20, 31-35. 

Wei, D., Zhang, A., Wu, C., Han, S., Wang, L. (2001) Progressive study and robustness test of QSAR model based on quantum chemical parameters for predicting BCF of selected polychlorinated organic compounds (PCOCs). Chemosphere 44, 1421-1428. 

Bradlaw JA, Casterline JL Jr. 1979. Induction of enzyme activity in cell culture A rapid screen for detection of planar polychlorinated organic compounds. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 62 904-916. 

Jonsson P, Rappe C, Kjeller L-O. 1993. Pulp-mill related polychlorinated organic compounds in Baltic Sea sediments. Ambio 22(l) 37-43. 

It is perhaps surprising, given the current interest in quantum chemical descriptors, that these have been little used to model BCF. Wei et al. (2001) found a good correlation for a series of polychlorinated organic compounds ... 

Polychlorinated hydrocarbons Polychlorinated organic compounds Pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls... 

However, the use of perchlorates in pyrotechnic formulations is discouraged due to the supposed toxicity of this chemical which has been linked to causing thyroid disorders. Furthermore, the combustion of polychlorinated organic materials such as poly(vinyl) chloride has been shown to produce polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). These polychlorinated chemicals are highly toxic and are potent carcinogens. Therefore, the removal of perchlorates and chlorinated organic materials in pyrotechnic formulations would eliminate the formation of these aforementioned pollutants. 

The matrix effect also may be evident in chemical noise which persists in the spectrum, and is far greater in analyses near the detection limit. This was highlighted in the paper by Bursey (21) in which a matrix effect in the determination of polychlorinated organic compounds was found. Direct probe MS/MS results were systematically high compared with those frcm GC/MS or GC/MS/MS. 

Polychlorinated organic compounds polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorodibenzodioxins (PCDD), and polychlorodibenzofUrans (PCDF)... 

Asplund L (1994) Development and application of methods for determination of polychlorinated organic pollutants in biota. (Thesis) Dept of Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden... 

Eriksson P. 1996. Developmental neurotoxicology in the neonate-effects of pesticides and polychlorinated organic substances. Arch Toxicol Suppl 18 81-88. 

Ruokojarvi P, Ruuskanen J, Ettala M, et al. 1995. Formation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated organic compounds in municipal waste landfill fires. Chemosphere 31(8) 3899-3908. 

In another recent study, QSAR models were developed using quantum-chemical descriptors to describe the toxic influence of polychlorinated organic compounds on the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The logarithm of the bioconcentration factor (BCF) was best correlated with the AM 1 -calculated a-polarizability, energies of the frontier orbitals, and the core-core repulsion energy (CCR), as follows [121] ... 

Generally we can note that polychlorinated organic compounds like PCBs are very resistant to various bioremediation procedures and physical-chemical treatments are the most used for heavily contaminated sites. For remediation of PCB-contaminated sites the following technologies can be recommended. 

Chlorinated hydrocarbons are frequently encountered in ground-, drinking, and waste waters. A method for the detection of organic chlorides has been developed [6]. It makes use of the Fujiwara color reaction, which is a general assay for organic compounds that contain two or more chlorine atoms. Reaction of alkaline pyridine with polychlorinated organic compounds yields a red fluorescent chromophore whose formation is detected. The formation of the fluorophore is irreversible, so the device is a probe rather than a sensor. 

Nam KS, Kapila S, Viswanath DS, et al. 1989. Application of supercritical fluid extraction of biological tissue samples for the determination of polychlorinated organics. Chemosphere 19 33- 38. 

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