Organization of Economic Co-operation

Good Laboratory Practice in the Testing of Chemicals, Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris, 1982. 

Although chemical and biological agents are usually linked together as potential hazards, there are substantial differences between the effects of chemical substances and bacteria or viruses and the casualties caused. Chemical warfare is the deliberate equivalent of the accidental release of chemical substances. In the civil context this is termed hazardous materials release (HAZMAT) (Anon, 1995 Borak et al, 1991 Bronstein and Currance, 1994 Moles, 1999 Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development, 1994) (Table 1 and Figure 1). 

Life expectancy has certainly been impacted by improved healthcare. For example, children bom in 2000 can be expected to live nine years longer than if they had been bom in 1960 (12. 13) according to a 2004 analysis of the 30 OECD countries by the Organization of Economic Co-operation for Development (OECD). The contribution of the pharmaceutical industry s products to this improved outlook for life expectancy is often overlooked, but vaccines are one area which clearly demonstrates the profound influence that its activities have had for the population. 

Sondreal, 1993. Everett A. Sondreal, "Clean Utilization of Low-Rank Coals for Low-Cost Power Generation," from "Clean and Efficient Use of Coal The New Era for Low-Rank Coal," Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development/International Energy Agency, Paris, France, 1993. 

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Compendium of Environmental Data, 1989. OECD, Paris, France. 

The organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD) defines risk assessment as the process intended to calculate or estimate the probability, including the identification of attendant uncertainties, of an adverse effect in an... 

Test facilities in the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) member countries that conduct regulatory studies must comply with the OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP), as set out in Council Decision C(97)186/Final. These are referred to as GLP Principles. GLP came into prominence in the late 1970s in response to some malpractice in research and development activities of pharmaceutical companies and contract... 

Note that good laboratory practice (glp) should not be confused with Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). The latter is the name given to a set of principles governing the organizational process and the condition under which non-clinical health and environmental safety studies are planned, performed, monitored, recorded, archived and reported, and was put forward initially by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (see Chapters 2 and 9). 

Hill, R.J. (1996). Risks to humans - an overview, in Sources of Cadmium in the Environment. Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Paris, pp. 84-94. 

OECD, Environment Directorate, Chemicals Group and Management Committee (1998), OECD series on principles of good laboratory practice and compliance monitoring, Number l OECD principles on Good Laboratory Practice (Paris Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). 

A very recent validation exercise with 305 premanufacture notice (PMN) structures, for which Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development readily biodegradable data had been submitted (Boethling et al., 2003), revealed that the overall accuracy of four of the six BIOWIN models (MITI Linear, MITI Nonlinear, Survey Ultimate, Survey Primary) was in the 80+% range... 

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