Organic solar cells PEDOT

ITO/PEDOT PSS/CuPc C6o/Mg/Ag organic solar cells were fabricated on ITO (5 Q/squarc sheet resistance)-coated glass substrates. After solvent cleaning, the ITO/glass substrates were spin-coated by a PEDOT PSS layer and immediately transferred into the deposition chamber. A 70 nm-thick CuPc C60 blend layer was prepared by organic vapour phase deposition (OVPD ) [2, 3], The Mg/Ag back contacts were deposited by thermal evaporation in high vacuum (p 10 7 mbar) on non-air-exposed absorber surfaces. The device preparation details can be found elsewhere [4], The compositional and substrate temperature (Tsubstrate) investigations are carried out on type A and B devices with nonoptimised and optimised contacts, respectively. 

FIGURE 3.4 (A) Fabrication of polymer solar cell from PEDOTiPSS thin film. (B) Fabrication of a three-dimensional (3D) nonwoven nanofabric-based organic solar cell. (A) Reproduced with permission from reference Oh, J.Y., Shin, M., Lee, J.B., Ahn, J.-H., Baik, H.K., Jeong, U., 2014. Effect ofPEDOT nanofibril networks on the conductivity, flexibility, and coatability of PEDOT PSS films. ACSAppl. Mater. Interfaces 6, 6954-6961. Copyright 2014, Royal Society of Chemistry. 

Figure 14.15 Cross-section of a typical organic solar cell including a PEDOT PSS buffer layer...

There are two main types of PSCs including bilayer heterojunction and bulk-heterojunction [7]. Bulk-heterojunction PSCs are more attractive due to their high surface area junction that increases conversion efficiency. This type of polymer solar cell consists of Glass, ITO, PEDOT PSS, active layer, calciiun and aluminum in which conjugated polymer are used as active layer [8]. The organic solar cells with maximum conversion efficiency about 6% still are at the begiiming of development and have a long... 

In Sect. 2.1 we discussed the many applications of optical modelling for organic solar cells. The case study we chose to present as one application of optical modelling of organic solar cells is the analysis of parasitic absorption losses in the different layers of the solar cell stack. One example is shown in Fig. 8. We calculated the absorptance of each layer in a layer stack glass/ITO (160 nm)/poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT PSS) (30 nm)/poly[(4,40-bis (2-ethylhexyl)dithieno [3,2-h 20,30- 7 silole)-2,6-diyl-alt-(4,7-bis(2-thienyl)-2,l,3-benzothiadiazole)-5,50-diyl] (SiPCPDTBT) [6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) (100 nm)/Ca (20 nm)/Al(100 nm). The transfer matrix formalism... 

Elschner A, Kirchmeyer S (2008) PEDOT-Type Materials in Organic Solar Cells in Brabec CJ, Dyakonov V, Scherf U (Eds.), Organic Photovoltaics, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA,Weinheim... 

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) is one of the most durable and transparent conducting polymers with a very good thermal stability and high conductivity (ca. 200 S cm ). The bandgap of PEDOT can be varied between 1.4 and 2.5 eV. In the state of complete oxidation, its conductivity decreases and the polymer behaves hke a semiconductor. Moreover, PEDOT demonstrates an electrochromic effect. In the reduced state it has dark blue color, and while oxidized it is colorless (Groenendaal et al., 2000). Apart from apphcations in electrochemistry, such as batteries, fuel cells, organic solar cells, sensors, and biosensors, PEDOT is widely used in optoelectronics (Krzyczmonik and Socha, 2013). 

A. Elschner and S. Kirchmeyer. 2008. PEDOT-type materials in organic solar cells. In Organic Photovoltaics Materials, Device Physics, and Manufacturing Technologies, ed. C. Brabec, V. Dyakonov, and U. Scherf. Weinheim WUey-VCH. 

In a recent study, PEDOT was highlighted as a potential replacement for indium tin oxide (ITO) as an transparent conductor especially for flexible devices, like touch screens, organic solar cells, and organic light emitting diodes. ... 

Fig. 9 Schematic cross section of an organic microprism solar cell. The transparent microstnic-tured polymer substrate is made by microreplication. Metal grid lines are deposited in the valley of the structures. The transparent PEDOT PSS anode, the photoactive layer, and the evaporated cathode follow the shape of the microstructure...

Glatthaar et al. deposited a commercially available PEDOT PSS formulation (Clevios CPP 105D ) on top of the photoactive layer to form inverted solar cells. In contrast TCO layers when used as top electrode will damage the sensitive organic active layer, for example, P3HT PCBM, owing to the sputter-deposition process, and as a consequence the devices will not function. The concept of polymeric top electrodes allows also the fabrication of semitransparent solar cells. ° ... 

PFSI has already been used to tune the properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythio-phene)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) in polymer solar cell. " Lee et al. reported single spin coating of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate) composition with PFSI forms a hole-injection layer with a gradient work function by self-organization of the PFSI, which resulted in a remarkably improved device lifetime and efficiency. " ... 

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