Organic phosphorous

Acryhc esters dimerize to give the 2-methylene glutaric acid esters catalyzed by tertiary organic phosphines (37) or organic phosphorous triamides, phosphonous diamides, or phosphinous amides (38). Yields of 75—80% dimer, together with 15—20% trimer, are obtained. Reaction conditions can be varied to obtain high yields of trimer, tetramer, and other polymers. 

Molecules of DNA and RNA are polynucleotides, polymeric species built from nucleotide units. Polymerization takes place when the phosphate group of one nucleotide (which is the conjugate base of an organic phosphoric acid) condenses... 

Tarafdar, J. C., and Jungk, A. (1987). Phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere and its relation to the depletion of organic phosphorous. Biol. Fertil. Soils 3,199-204. 

Faust, S.D., Gomaa, H.M. (1972) Chemical hydrolysis of some organic phosphorous and carbamate pesticides in aquatic environments. Environ. Lett. 3, 171-201. 

Another agricultural development of great potential interest is based on the more recent observation that certain rather unusual triorganotin compounds have considerable acari-cidal activity. Well-known at present is the compound tri-cyclohexyltin hydroxide (trade name "Plictran") developed by Dow Chemical Company and M T Chemicals. This compound is very effective against spider mites in fruit orchards and has been found to act as well against varieties of spider mites which had developed resistance towards the usual acaricides based on organic phosphorous compounds and car-... 

Recovery of actinides at the RFP with an organic phosphorous bidentate extractant has been proposed. A conceptual production flow sheet is shown in Figure 3. The bidentate reagent, dihexyl-N, N-diethylcarbamoylmethylenephosphonate (DHDECMP), is especially attractive since it can recover actinides from MSE residues containing aluminum. The cation exchange process is unable to effect actinide purification when aluminum is present. (DHDECMP extracts actinides and lanthanides, but does not extract common RFP contaminants, e.g., aluminum. No lanthanides are used in process streams at RFP.)... 

Figure 67 The current-field characteristics of a DL electropho-sphorescent organic LED based on the metallo-organic phosphor Ir(ppy)3 (for the molecular structure see Fig. 31). The energy levels of the LED structure are given in the inset. The j(F) curves are well reproduced from run to run except the lowest field region, where the built in electric field (.Fbi = 2 x 105 V/cm), due to the difference in the work functions of the electrodes, becomes comparable with the applied field. After Ref. 304. Copyright 2002 American Physical Society.

Figure 120 The spectra of the two electroluminescent devices (I and II) containing organic phosphors, Ir(ppy)3 (a) (adapted from Ref. 304), and PtOEP (b) (see Ref. 493a, reprinted from Ref. 493a, Copyright 1998 Macmillan Publishers Ltd. [http //www.nature. com/]). The latter is compared with the EL spectrum of a device with no phosphor inside (III). For the chemical structures of the phosphors, see Fig. 31. The spectra from device I and II are characteristic of molecular phosphorescence as clearly seen from their comparison at different voltages with the PL spectrum (a). The DCM2-doped Alq3 layer of device III becomes dominated by their phosphorescene from the PtOEP-doped Alq3 layer in device II.

Organic phosphors (commonly loaded plastics) exhibit luminescence, of which the fastest process is fluorescence a gamma ray releases an energetic electron which then excites molecules in the phosphor these lose energy in decaying to an intermediate state and then de-excite with photoemission. 

Exposure to neurotoxicants or neurotoxic chemical substances causes severe adverse health effects to the nervous system, which is very sensitive to organometallic compounds and sulfide compounds. These compounds disrupt the normal functioning of the central nervous system, peripheral nerves or sensory organs, and the conduction of nerve impulses. Thus, chemical substances are considered neurotoxicants when they induce a consistent pattern of neural dysfunction. The chemical substances include but are not limited to carbon disulfide, manganese, methyl mercury, organic phosphorous insecticides, tetraethyl lead, thallium, and trialkyl tin compounds. 

Anderson, G., 1975. Other organic phosphorous compounds. In J.E. Gieseking, Soil Components, vol. 1, Organic Components, Springer, New York, NY, pp. 305—331. 

Carboxylic acid salts are more sensitive to low pH, polyvalent cations, and inert electrolyte in the aqueous phase than salts of organic phosphoric acids, and these in turn are more sensitive than organic sulfates or sulfonates. 

N and P compounds are probably the most important inorganic nonmetallic constituents with regard to their environmental effects such as eutrophication of surface water (lakes and rivers). Some of them are directly considered as nutrients (nitrate or phosphate), while others are nutrients precursors (ammonia, organic nitrogen and organic phosphorous). Other constituents must also be considered, such as S compounds because of specific environmental odour problems. 

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