Organic government funding

In many countries, both accreditation and certification bodies are commercial organizations that operate without government funding and therefore they are governed by supply and demand. 

The Bayh-Dole Act, or the University and Small Business Patent Procedures Act, gives universities, small businesses, and nonprofit organizations the intellectual ownership of property, including new drugs, that they discover and develop with government funding. 

The University and Small Business Patent Procedure Act, commonly known as the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, gave nonprofit organizations such as universities as well as small businesses the right to retain patents for technology developed with government funds. 

AIXTRON already joined a German government-funded project, headed by the Hahn-Meitner Institute to explore industrial production of organic solar cells by OVPD. 

Daniel Nocera of MIT said that political machines drive funding, and that sometimes, unfortunately, the funding is diverted. He called for an honest broker to keep federal government funding in check. He asked the workshop participants to suggest individuals or organizations that could serve as the most effective honest broker. Eric Rohlfing proposed that the National Academies serve as the honest broker since that is what they are chartered to do. 

If the employer is not interested in making use of the invention, the inventor is usually free to file a patent application himself and at his own expense. Otherwise, the employer will act as applicant, in which case it is most likely that a legal/patent/licence department and a patent attorney will provide the necessary support. Many universities and government funded institutes have established independent groups, departments or even companies in order to commercially exploit the inventive potential - especially in biotechnology - directly. These organizations may also provide service and advice in patenting. 

ITie large number of microbial agents reflects the major role played by the pharmaceutical industry in this area of drug discovery and development. Generally, industry has focused on the Actinomycetales, but expansion of research efforts, often supported by government funding, to the study of organisms from diverse environments, such as shallow and deep marine ecosystems and deep terrestrial subsurface layers, has demonstrated their potential as a source of novel bioactive metabolites. ... 

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