Organic compounds, chlorination

In sludge anionic and non-ionic surfactants carboxylic acids hhydroxybutyrate hydroxy valerate chloroaliphatic compounds chlorophenols polychlorobiphenyls 4-nitrophenol mixtures of organic compounds chlorinated insecticides, phenoxy acetic acid type herbicides and organotin compounds. 

Artificial Pollutants Organic compounds (chlorinated pesticides, phosphorus-based pesticides, freons) industriai and municipai wastewaters runoff from urban areas and iandfiii erosion of contaminated soiis and sediments atmospheric deposition Toxic effects inciuding birth defects, reproductive faiiure, cancer, and systemic poisoning. 

Chlorine dioxide is a very reactive compound and will not exist in the environment for long periods of time. In air, sunlight will quickly break apart chlorine dioxide into chlorine gas and oxygen. In water, chlorine dioxide will react quickly to form chlorite ions. In water treatment systems, chlorine dioxide will not form certain harmful compounds (e.g., trihalomethanes) when it reacts with dissolved organic compounds. Chlorine dioxide does form other disinfection byproducts, such as chlorite and chlorate ions. 

The chief use of antimony and its chlorides is for accelerating the chlorination of organic compounds. Chlorination is also accelerated by the chlorides of iron, aluminium, molybdenum or thallium, and the metals themselves may be used. 

The fact that a considerable part of the organic substances in tbe atmosphere exists adsorbed onto particles, supports the use of carrier materials in the UV-irradiation experiments. The investigations show that "organic compounds (chlorinated olefins and freons) picked as model substances are very rapidly degraded to CO2 and HCl if they are irradiated with wavelenths above 290 nm adsorbed on surfaces [7,8 ]. 

Chlorine Liquid (compressed gas) Sodium hypochlorite solutions Calcium hypochlorite powder Organic compounds - chlorine donors In situ generation, e.g. electrolysis of brine... 

Among halogenated organic compounds, chlorinated compounds are the most common anthropogenic pollutants and tend to persist in the environment with longer half-... 

Ethylaluminum dichloride Ethylaluminum sesquichloride Tetrabutyl titanate Tetraisopropyl titanate Triethylborane Trimethylaluminum catalyst, olefin polymers Tungsten hexachloride catalyst, olefin/diene polymerizationscatalyst olefin polymerizations Tri-n-hexylaluminum catalyst, olefinic addition Methanesulfonic acid catalyst, one-component RTV s Dibutyltin diisooctylmaleate catalyst, organic compounds chlorination Manganese chloride (ous), tetrahydrate catalyst, organic reactions Beryllium oxide Chromium oxide (ic) Copper bromide (ous) Copper phosphate (ic) Ferric chloride... 

Catalytic Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds Chlorinated Hydrocarbons... 

Catalytic Oxidation ofVolatile Organic Compounds Chlorinated Hydrocarbons 95... 

In organic compounds, chlorine, bromine, and iodine atoms most often form one bond. Oxygen and sulfur atoms most often form two bonds. Nitrogen and phosphorus atoms most often form three bonds. 

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