Copper Phosphates

Zinc phosphate, Zn2(P0 2> forms the basis of a group of dental cements. Chromium and zinc phosphates are utilized in some metal-treating appHcations to provide corrosion protection and improved paint adhesion. Cobalt(II) phosphate octahydrate [10294-50-5] Co2(P0 2 8H20, is a lavender-colored substance used as a pigment in certain paints and ceramics. Copper phosphates exhibit bioactivity and are used as insecticides and fungicides. Zinc, lead, and silver phosphates are utilized in the production of specialty glasses. The phosphate salts of heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, and Cu, are extremely water insoluble. 

External coil problems White calcium carbonate CaC03 Phosphate scale from threshold agents. Blue/green/black copper phosphate trihydrate Cu3(P04)2 3H20 Dirt pockets due to low level of coil. BW sludgei settles on external fins. Gasket weeping from inhibitor. Color stains from inhibitor dyes. 

There is virtually no knowledge of the setting and stmcture of copper phosphate cements. Mostly, they are complex materials. The simplest was based on a powder containing 91-5% CuO and 8-4% CO3O4. Others contained respectively 62-2 % CuO and 29-8 % ZnO, and 23-9 % Cu O and 66 7% ZnO, with other metal oxides. The strength of these cements is about the same as the zinc phosphate cement (Ware, 1971). There are also pseudo-copper cements, which are zinc phosphate cements coloured by minor amounts of copper(II) oxide. 

More recently copper phosphate cements have been suggested for use as controlled-release agents for supplying trace amounts of copper to cattle and sheep over an extended period (Allen et al., 1984 Mansion et al., 1985 Prosser et al., 1986). The cements were prepared with a Cu/P ratio of 1 1 to ensure that the matrix was an add phosphate and so subject to dissolution in aqueous solutions. They released copper at a constant rate for 90 days. 

Vashkevich, N. K. Sychev, M. M. (1982). Setting of copper phosphate cements in the presence of organic polymers. Chemical Abstracts, 97,... 

Hall et at. 300) described an indirect method for the determination of urinary a-amino nitrogen. Copper is solubilized from insoluble copper phosphate by complexing with a-amino groups at slightly alkaline pH. The remaining copper phosphate is removed by filtration and the filtrate is diluted 1 10 or 1 20 with 0. IN hydrochloric acid to measure the dissolved copper by atomic absorption. Standards are prepared using alanine. 

Lavoisier said that Phosphorus is met with in almost all animal substances and in some plants which, according to chemical analysis, have an animal nature.. . . The discoveiy that M. Hassenfratz has made of this substance in wood charcoal would make one suspect that it is commoner in the vegetable realm than has been thought tins much is certain that, when properly treated, entire families of plants yield it (37). Apothecary J. K. F. Meyer of Stettin wrote in 1784 that he had observed, several years previously, a permanent green color in the essences he prepared by digesting green herbs in copper vessels He concluded that phosphates in the leaves had reacted with the copper to form copper phosphate (38). 

Jurniak, J. J. Inouye, T. S. 1962. Some aspects of zinc and copper phosphate formation in aqueous systems. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 26, 144-147. 

Fungicides -m aquaculture [AQUACULTURE CHEMICALS] (Vol 3) -arsenic compds as [ARSENIC COMPOUNDS] (Vol 3) -borates as [BORON COMPOUNDS - BORON OXIDES, BORIC ACID AND BORATES] (Vol 4) -from carbon disulfide [CARBON DISULFIDE] (Vol 5) -containing fluorine [FLUORINE COMPOUNDS, ORGANIC - FLUORINATED AROMATIC COMPOUNDS] (Vol 11) -coordination compounds as [COORDINATION COMPOUNDS] (Vol 7) -copper compounds as [COPPER COMPOUNDS] (Vol 7) -copper phosphates as [PHOSPHORIC ACID AND PHOSPHATES] (Vol 18)... 

A. Joly recommended treating purified ammonium phosphate with boiling cone, hydrochloric aeid. The liquid was separated from the precipitated ammonium ehloride, and heated with nitric acid to drive off the ammonia and hydrochloric acid. The nitric acid is expeHed by evaporating the soln. as indicated above. A. Ditte, and G. Watson used sodium phosphate and cone, hydrochloric acid M. Nicolas, calcium phosphate or natural phosphates and hydrofluoric acid A. Gutensohn heated aluminium phosphate with tin shavings in an iron vessel H. N. Warren electrolyzed a soln. of copper phosphate in dil. phosphoric acid ... 

Alloys.—Phosphorus as a constituent of bronzes is chiefly valued for its deoxidising effect, which confers a great toughness on the metal. The principal alloys are those containing copper, tin, zinc, nickel, lead and antimony. The phosphorus is usually added in the form of phosphor-tin. Phosphor-coppers may be made by heating copper phosphate or copper turnings and phosphorus in crucibles at 600-800°. 8 Phosphor-bronze may contain Cu 89, Sn 11 and P 0-3 per cent.8 The phosphorus should not exceed 0-6 per cent. 

The contents of the flask are shaken for a considerable time with aqueous copper sulfate solution and left to stand for several hours in the well-ventilated hood. The remaining oil (which must be free of phosphorus) is transferred to the container used for halogen-free organic solvents, while the aqueous suspension is oxidised by adding a strongly alkaline 10 % NaOCl solution dropwise with cooling and then stirred with milk of lime. The precipitate, which consists of copper phosphate and hydroxide, is disposed of with the less toxic inorganic waste, and the aqueous solution neutralised and poured down the drain. 

Acetic add has been produced by the carbonylation of methanol for a very long time, with the earliest industrial development dating back to 1925 (British Celanese. BASF Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik J, and is based on the use of catalysts containing phosphoric add and copper phosphate. The development of cobait/iodine systems led to... 

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