Organ targeting

In mice and humans, it is possible that mast cells and basophils contribute to the pathophysiology of anaphylaxis both via direct effects on end organ targets and also by indirect effects, including the ability of mast cells and basophils to influence the responsiveness of such target cells to mediators generated in subjects with anaphylaxis. 

There may be substantial variation both within and among species (e.g., in mice vs. humans) in the expression of various proteins, receptors and/or ligands that influence the activation of mast cells (or basophils or other potential effector cell types), or that can regulate the responsiveness of end organ target cells (e.g., bronchial or gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells) to potential mediators of anaphylaxis derived from mast cells. 

Pasqualini, R., and Ruoslahti, E. (1996). Organ targeting in vivo using phage display peptide libraries. Nature 380, 364-366. 

This elegant organic transformation is, along with the recent development of a Pt(II)-based derivatization procedure for amino acids (221), an impressive example that platinum-mediated C-H activation offers great potential for not only the functionalization of simple small molecules but also the synthesis of complicated organic targets. 

In the effector organs, target cells receive the hormone s message. These cells have hormone receptors for the purpose, which bind the hormone. Binding of a hormone passes information to the cell and triggers a response (effect). 

As shown in Table 3-1, ozone can destroy other disinfectants. This should be avoided by dosing them not ahead of ozonation stages, but rather at the end of the total treatment before the distribution of water to the supply-net. A special case is the reaction of ozone with H202 (correctly with the species H02 ), which is used as an advanced oxidation process (AOP) for intensified formation of hydroxyl radicals and their oxidative attack on persistent organic target compounds (persistent against ozone in the direct reaction mechanism) (see Chapter A 2). 

Hypothalamic Hormone Pituitary Hormone Target Organ Target Organ Hormone... 

It has been observed that vanadium has insulin-like effects on the main organs targeted by insulin — skeletal muscles, adipose, and liver — and vanadium has been shown to reduce blood glucose to normal levels in rats that have diabetic conditions. In considering the potential of vanadium to treat diabetes in humans, the toxicity of vanadium is a definite consideration. Several organically chelated forms of vanadium have been found to be more effective in treating diabetes symptoms and less toxic than inorganic vanadium.4... 

World Health Organization, Target organ toxicity, eye, ear, and other special senses. Environ. Health Perspect. 44, 1-27, World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland, 1982. 

Alkylosing spondylids is an inflammatory autoimmune reac-dve arthrids wdth a primary end organ target of the intervertebral Joints and the sacroiliac joint at the hip. The characterisdc features are a bowled spine and inflamed joints. Compared wdth 8% of Caucasians as a w hole, 95% of people wdth alkylosing spondylids have the HLA B27 allele. Unlike many autoimmune diseases, alkylosing spondylids is more common in men and has an early onset betw een 20 and 40 m years of age. 

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