Target Organs and Cells for Immunotoxicity

The limitation of all these approaches is that they are not (yet) validated. However, they can be a useful tool for preclinical screening. The results of this screening may then be used for further development of specific pharmaceuticals and/or point at the immune system as an area needing specific attention in the safety evaluation to be performed before marketing a product. 

Lawrence, D., Mudzinski, S., Rudofsky, U. and Warner, A. (1987) Mechanisms of metal induced immunotoxicity, in Immunotoxicology (eds A. Berlin, J. Dean, M.H. Draper and F. Spreafico), Martinus Nijhoff Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 293-307. 

Luster, M.L, Munson, A.E., Thomas, P.T, Holsapple, M.P., Fenters, J.D., White, K.L. Jr, Lauer, L.D., Germolec, D.R., Rosenthal, G.J. and Dean, J.H. (1988) Development of a testing battery to assess chemical induced immunotoxicity National toxicology program s guidelines for immunotoxicity evaluation in mice. 

Schuurman, H.-J., Kuper, C.F. and Vos, J.G. (1994) Histopathology of the immune system as a tool to assess immunotoxicity. Toxicology, 86, 187-212. Kuper, C.F., Schuurman, H.-J. and Vos, J.G. (1995) Pathology in immunotoxicology, in Methods in Immuntoxicology, Vol. 1 (eds G.R. Burleson, J.H. Dean and A.E. Munson), Wiley-Liss, New York, USA, pp. 397-436. WHO (1996) International Programme on Chemical Safety, Principles and methods for assessing direct 

6 Hinton, D.M. (2000) US FDA Redbook II immimotoxicity testing guidelines and research in immunotoxicity evaluations of food chemicals and new food proteins. Toxicologic Pathology, 28, 467-478. 

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