Oral solids diluents

Starch is used as an excipient primarily in oral solid-dosage formulations where it is utilized as a binder, diluent, and disintegrant. 

Talc was once widely used in oral solid dosage formulations as a lubricant and diluent, see Table 1, although today it is less commonly used. However, it is widely used as a dissolution retardant in the development of controlled-release products. Talc is also used as a lubricant in tablet formulations in a novel powder coating for extended-release pellets and as an adsorbant. ... 

Excipients are sub-divided into various functional classifications, depending on the role that they are intended to play in the resultant formulation, for example, fillers, disintegrants, binders, lubricants and glidants. An added complexity is the fact that certain excipients can have different functional roles in different formulation types. Thus, lactose is widely used as a filler or diluent in solid oral dosage forms, for example, tablets and capsules [2] and as a carrier for inhalation products [3]. 

Microcrystalline cellulose - mainly used as a binder or diluent in solid oral dose formulations. It also has lubricant and disintegrant properties which make it a useful excipient in tablet manufacture. 

Lactose is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations as a diluent and filler-binder in oral capsule and tablet formulations. It may also be used in intravenous injections. Adverse reactions to lactose are largely due to lactose intolerance, which occurs in individuals with a deficiency of the intestinal enzyme lactase, and is associated with oral ingestion of amounts well over those in solid dosage forms. 

NFPA Health 0, Flammability 1, Reactivity 0 Uses Plasticizer, solvent, film-former in nitrocellulose lacquers, elastomers, explosives, nail polishes, solid rocket propellants, adhesives, sealants solvent for resins, perfume oils perfume fixing agent textile lubricant insect repellent nonreactive epoxy resin diluent safely glass printing inks paper coatings oral pharmaceuticals in food-pkg. adhesives in paper/paperboaid in contact with aqTfatly foods adjuvant in slimicides in food-contact paper/paperboaid in cellophane for food pkg. solvent for adjuvants in fo -contact crosslinked polyesters plasticizer in food-contact mbber articles for repeated use Regulatory FDA 21CFR 175.105,175.300,176.170,176.300,177.1200, 177.2420,177.2600 FDA approved for orals SARA reportable BP, EP compliance... 

Uses Solvent for cellulose ethers, fats, oils, waxes, inks, lacquers, resins, coatings paint and varnish remover extraction solvent for essential oils glass substitutes laboratory reagent chemical intermediate in fungicidal formulations mfg. of nylon, adipic acid, benzene, cyclohexanone, etc. mfg. of solid fuel for camp stoves diluent in food colorants solvent in cosmetics, pharmaceutical orals in food-pkg. adhesives defoamer in food-contact paper coatings... 

The choice of a diluent may influence the absorption of an active substance, which was seen in the l%Os in Australia. The diluent of phenytoin sodium capsules was changed from calcium sulfate dihydrate to lactose, which strongly enhanced the bioavailabdity of phenytoin sodium. Plasma levels of phenytoin increased up to fourfold, which led to an increased reporting of adverse events [8,9]. This case drew worldwide attention and resulted in an increased awareness of the importance of pharmaceutical availability and bioavailability of active substances in the development of solid oral dosage forms. 

Starch is a storage carbohydrate consisting of glucose monomers organized as amylose and amylopectin chains. Starches are used in solid oral formulations as diluents, binders and disintegrants. Deficient flow properties of natural starches... 

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