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Optimization emulsifier systems

Fundamental research into the role of surfactants in the process [6, 7] will lead to optimized emulsifier systems and more economic use of surfactants will emerge. [Pg.287]

Non-aqueous HIPEs have received even less attention indeed, to date, there have been only two publications dealing with this subject, to the authors knowledge [124,125]. These describe the preparation of highly concentrated emulsions of jet engine fuel in formamide, for use as safety fuels in military applications. The emulsifier system used was a blend of two nonionics, with an optimal HLB value of 12. [Pg.188]

Bandyopadhyay, S., Katare, O.P., Singh, B., 2012. Optimized self nano-emulsifying systems of ezetimibe with enhanced bioavailability potential using long chain and medium chain triglycerides. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 100, 50—61. [Pg.110]

Historically emulsifier cocktails have been prepared using a single emulsifier, such as Triton X-100, with toluene and fluors. This paper will discuss the advantages of cocktail preparation using blended emulsifier systems. Blends of emulsifiers may be used to optimize sp>ecific performance such as sample capacity of the clear liquid region, stability of gel phases, or elimination of opaque regions. [Pg.259]

Coimneicial production of emulsifiable concentrates often uses a matched pair emulsifier system. The matched pair uses two surfiu tant blends that are mixed at the iq>pnq>riate ratio to maximize the kinetic stability of die emulsion that is formed. One surfactant blend has a relatively low HLB, and the other surfactant blend has a relatively high HLB. These two blends ate mixed at various ratios until die optimal HLB for the desired s tem is found. [Pg.300]

The phase behavior of the emulsifier system with fixed oil and water contents is shown in Fig. 10. A microemulsion is formed at a GMO concentration between 15 and 25% of the total emulsifier system with C12/14 alkyl polyglycoside/Cg/ro alkyl polyglycoside in a suitable mixing ratio. The necessary amount of GMO differs only slightly from the optimal alkyl poly-glycoside/GMO ratio that was found in the simple model emulsion as discussed earlier. [Pg.399]

The interest in this type of copolymers is still very strong due to their large volume applications as emulsifiers and stabilizers in many different systems 43,260,261). However, little is known about the structure-property relationships of these systems 262) and the specific interactions of different segments in these copolymers with other components in a particular multicomponent system. Sometimes, minor chemical modifications in the PDMS-PEO copolymer backbone structures can lead to dramatic changes in its properties, e.g. from a foam stabilizer to an antifoam. Therefore, recent studies are usually directed towards the modification of polymer structures and block lengths in order to optimize the overall structure-property-performance characteristics of these systems 262). [Pg.46]

The HLB number method is based on the fact that the emulsifier is optimal in a water-oil system in which the properties of the oil matches the surfactant. Hence, each water-oil combination is characterised by an HLB number. More practically, emulsifiers characterised by HLB number ... [Pg.1530]

It is necessary to use at least two surfactants, one for the primary emulsion and the other for the dispersion of this emulsion to form the multiple system. The optimum surfactant to emulsify a given oil can be determined by use of the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) approach. The present authors have carried out an investigation into the optimal HLB required for both primary and secondary emulsification steps in the formulation of a water/ isopropyl myristate/water emulsion. W/o emulsions containing 47.5 o isopropyl myristate and 2.5% surfactant had an optimal HLB of 4.5. [Pg.362]

The lipase/esterase of Pediococcus spp. has received little attention. Tza-netakis and Litopoulou-Tzanetaki (1989) found only weak esterase and lipase activities in a number of strains of P. pentosaceus of dairy origin by means of the API-ZYM system. Bhowmik and Marth (1989) found esterase activity in six strains of P. pentosaceus but none in two strains of P. acidilac-ticL The lipases of Propionibacterium shermanii studied by Oterholm et al. (1970) were optimally active at pH 7.2 and 47°C on tributyrin the enzymes showed a high preference for tripropionate and tributyrin and were inhibited by Hg and Na2HAs04 but not by pCMB or EDTA. Some esterase activity was observed but the enzyme was more active on emulsified than on soluble substrates. [Pg.204]

For instance, Yadav and Ahuja prepared nanoparticles using gum cordia as the polymer and to evaluate them for ophthalmic delivery of fluconazole. A w/o/w emulsion containing fluconazole and gum cordia in aqueous phase, methylene chloride as the oily phase, and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and polyvinyl alcohol as the primary and secondary emulsifiers, respectively, were cross-linked by the ionic gelation technique to produce a fluconazole-loaded nanoreservoir system. The formulation of nanoparticles was optimized using response surface methodology. Multiple response simultaneous optimizations using the desirability approach were used to find optimal experimental conditions. The optimal conditions were found to be concentrations of gum cordia (0.85%, w/v), di-octyl sodium sulfosuccinate (9.07%, w/v), and fluconazole (6.06%, w/v). On comparison of the optimized nanosuspension formulation with commercial formulation, it was found to provide comparable in vitro corneal permeability of... [Pg.1209]

New kinetic regularities at polymerization of vinyl monomers in homophase and heterophase conditions in the presence of additives of transition metal salts, azonitriles, peroxides, stable nitroxyl radicals and radical anions (and their complexes), aromatic amines and their derivatives, emulsifiers and solvents of various nature were revealed. The mechanisms of the studied processes have been estabhshed in the whole and as elementary stages, their basic kinetic characteristics have been determined. Equations to describe the behavior of the studied chemical systems in polymerization reactions proceeding in various physicochemical conditions have been derived. Scientific principles of regulating polymer synthesis processes have been elaborated, which allows optimization of some industrial technologies and solving most important problems of environment protection. [Pg.92]


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