Operation semiautomatic

External defibrillation was first performed in 1952 and continues as a routine procedure in hospitals and ambulances. The problem of external defibrillation has not been a technological one, but rather a legal one. Only in the 1990s have laws been passed to permit people other than doctors and paramedics to operate semiautomatic defibrillators to provide help when it is needed. New and better defibrillation devices continue to come to market and are easier and safer to use. 

Another challenge is the concept of machine time. With the increasing capabilities of servomechanisms and computers, many machines operate semiautomatically (operator is required only to load/unload the machine) or automatically (machine loads, processes, and unloads). During the machine time of the work cycle, the operator may be able to drink coffee (personal allowance) or talk to the supervisor (delay allowance) or recover from fatigue. Thus, as a general principle, give a fatigue allowance only for the portion of the work cycle outside the machine time. 

Once the cycle is completed, the control settings determine, whether the next cycle begins immediately (in frilly automatic mode) or upon a signal from the machine operator (semiautomatic mode). 

An acid egg, or blowcase, consists of an egg-shaped container which can be filled with a charge of liquid that is to be pumped. This container is fitted with an inlet pipe for the charge, an outlet pipe for the discharge, and a pipe for the admission of compressed air or gas, as illustrated in Fig. 10-58. Pressure of air or gas on the surface of the liquid forces it out of the discharge pipe. Such pumps can be hand-operated or arranged for semiautomatic or automatic operation. 

The starting system can be manual, semiautomatic, or automatic, but in all cases should provide controlled acceleration to minimum governor speed and then, although not called for in the standards, to full speed. Units that do not have controlled acceleration to full speed have burned out first- and second-stage nozzles when combustion occurred in those areas instead of in the combustor. Purging the system of the fuel after a failed start is mandatory, even in the manual operation mode. Sufficient time for the purging of the system should be provided so that the volume of the entire exhaust system has been displaced at least five times. 

The amounts of surface deposits resulting from commercial and experimental applications of DDT and parathion were ascertained on apples, pears, peaches, oranges, and lemons. Applications were made with conventional high pressure spraying equipment, utilizing manually operated guns or semiautomatic booms, and with two types of air blast sprayers. 

Thermal stability. A manual, semiautomatic or automatic CFR fuel coker shall be used. The equipment and operating procedures shall be in strict accordance with Method 3464 of Federal Test Method Standard No 791. No deviation from this method is aUowed... 

Semiautomatic Labeling. In this operation the machine selects, glues, and applies the label, but the item to which it is applied is placed into position by hand. Labels may be picked up by vacuum or the adhesive. The machine must be set up correctly, labels must be produced to certain critical limits, and the adhesive must be specially selected. A higher tack is necessary than that used for hand labeling. Speeds range from 25 to 60 per min (i.e., 3,600 per hr maximum). 

Automatic. This can take prefolded, sheet-fed, or roll-fed leaflets and present them to be pushed into the carton by the product. In comparison to manual and semiautomatic operation, automatic equipment is very sensitive to paper porosity, physical size, paper calliper, fold design and accuracy, flying leaves, and so on, and has difficulty with two different size leaflets. 

Semiautomatic. This is usually a machine in which the carton is erected, the bottom is closed, and the gaping top is presented to the operator who drops in the required goods and accessories. It would be expected that this type of machine would have a form of overprinting unit of some type built into the cartoning machine. 

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