Operating procedures process behavior

The undelayed evaluation of state of a culture by using software sensors and computers, based on the quantitative analytical information provided by hardware sensors and intelligent analytical subsystems, constitutes an excellent basis for targeted process control. Experts - either human or computer - have the data and the deterministic knowledge to trace observed behavior back to the physical, chemical and physiological roots thereby gaining a qualitative improvement of bioprocess control, a quantum leap process control can act on the causes of effects rather than just cure symptoms. A simple standard operating procedure [398] has proven useful, namely ... 

People must be held accountable for results. If action items are not completed in a timely basis, there needs to be an analysis of why and a plan for improvement. If standard operating procedures (SOP) checklists are not used rigorously, there needs to be an analysis of why with appropriate consequences (punishment should be a last resort). There should be reasons why objectives are not met and those barriers need to be removed. Individual sites within an organization may establish specific process safety goals, activities, and behavior on individual performance contracts, which are reflected in the annual performance review process that links to merit pay raises, bonuses, advancement opportunities, and the like. Consequences for poor process safety performance must not be limited to supervisors or facility managers but must be a factor in performance appraisals throughout the organization. 

In December 1986, the facility was shut down and a postexamination program was started. The tests have confirmed the expected thermodynamic and chemical processing behavior and also the predictive character of respective calculation models. After a total of 5200 h operation time, the reforming tubes were optically still in excellent shape. The procedures of catalyst changing need further improvement [53]. 

Mission and activity models describe in a hierarchic structure the goals and the available recovery activities from missions-not-as-planned that make up the human operators high-level behavioral repertoire in the mission. The next level of decomposition of the action of the mission is a set of high-level procedures (that can be stored as a fairly generic set of routines, e.g., look at or fixate). Finally, there are the specific activities in active action packets RAPS, which are the process by which the human operator affects the simulation. 

In addition to employee discussions, injury records and near-hit reports can be consulted to discover critical behaviors (both safe and at risk). Job hazard analyses or standard operating procedures can also provide information relevant to selecting critical behaviors to target in a DO IT process. Obviously, tire plant safety director or the person responsible for maintaining records for OSHA or MSHA (Mine Safety and Health Administration) can provide valuable assistance in selecting critical behaviors. 

The Exxon procedure is markedly different from the "planned 60-second actively caring review" implemented at a Hoechst Celanese plant. For this one-on-one coaching process, all employees attempt to complete a one-minute observation of another employee s work practices in five general categories body position, personal apparel, housekeeping, tools/equipment, and operating procedures. The initial plant goal was for each of the 800 employees to complete one 60-second behavioral observation every day. Results were entered into a computer file for a behavioral safety analysis of the work culture. 

Because of the basic requirements of collection and transport, sewer networks are normally dealt with from a physical point of view, i.e., the hydraulics and sewer solids transport processes have been focal points. From this point of view, new design and operational principles have been developed, to a great extent supported by numerical procedures and the ever-increasing capacity of computers. Under wet-weather conditions, the hydraulics and solids transport phenomena in a sewer play a major role, and the chemical and microbiological processes are typically of minor importance. Not surprisingly, interests devoted to urban drainage have focused on the physical behavior of the sewer. 

The procedure consists of three steps. The first step is to identify all the desired product quality factors or attributes for the new product. Then what follows is the selection of the appropriate product form and microstructure, a stable surfactant system with the right performance based on phase behavior, and the appropriate active ingredients in order to realize those quality factors previously identified. Finally the process flowsheet will be created with the equipment units and process operating conditions determined. 

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