Operating data gathering

Equation (7.13) is one of the more useful equations in field operation data gathering. For any actual extraction process over time, numerous Kd values can be calculated. These are excellent and reliable data to use for plant expansions or new extractor units, or for rating any similar existing extractor. Another way in which KD equilibrium data can be obtained is through actual operating data. 

ODG operating data gathering OSHA U.S. Occupational Safety and Health... 

This first information about the reservoir is recorded, as a function of depth, in the form of several columns. Although rather qualitative in many respects, mudlogging is an important data gathering technique. It is of importance as a basis for operational decisions, e.g. at what depth to set casing, or where to core a well. Mudlogging is also cheap, as data is gathered while the normal drilling operations go on. 

Virtuady ad new pdot plants wid be computer controded and heavdy automated due to the high cost of operating labor, need for high accuracy and repeatabdity, and ease of data gathering and work-up. Stand-alone computer and programmable logic controder systems wid continue to dominate the market because of their low cost and ease of use. 

A real-time optimization (RTO) system determines set point changes and implements them via the computer control system without intervention from unit operators. The RTO system completes all data transfer, optimization c culations, and set point implementation before unit conditions change and invahdate the computed optimum. In addition, the RTO system should perform all tasks without upsetting plant operations. Several steps are necessaiy for implementation of RTO, including determination of the plant steady state, data gathering and vahdation, updating of model parameters (if necessaiy) to match current operations, calculation of the new (optimized) set points, and the implementation of these set points. 

To achieve effective monitoring and diagnostics of turbomachinery, it is necessary to gather and analyze both the mechanical and aerothermal operating data from the machines. The instrumentation and diagnostics must also be custom tailored to suit the individual machines in the system, and also to meet the requirements of the end users. The reasons for this are that there can be significant differences in machines of the same type or manufacturer because of differences in installation and operation. 

Bucaram, S. M. and B. J. Yeary. Data Gathering System to Optimize Production Operations A 14-Year Overview. i. Pet. Technol., Vol. 39, No. 4, April 1987, pp. 457-462. Capxrbianci, S. The Problem of Data Homogenization in Reliability Data Banks A Scheme of Classifications. Paper 11.B.5, ANS/ENS Topical Meeting on PRA, September 1981. Colombo, A. G. and R. J. Jaarsma. Combination of Reliability Parameters from Different Data Sources. Proceedings of the 4th EuReDatA Conference, 1983. 

Pertinent operating data must be collected. A form similar to the one shown in Table 5-2 can be used to gather the data. 

As of now such semiconductor oxides as ZnO, Sn02 and Ti02 are most widely used as operational sensor elements. This is initially explained by the vast amount of experimental data gathered for above compounds and on the other hand by the importance of their being used as catalysts in various reactions. Finally, this can be explained by the fact that they are most suitable from the stand-point of requirements... 

Finally, and perhaps most importantly, is that many rheological processes operate over a very broad range of timescales, much broader than IR or UV spectral widths. The relaxation processes are often wider than those readily achievable by experimental measurement on any rheometer. We can extend our knowledge of the material to an extent beyond the operating ranges qualitatively by comparing data gathered in different tests with their transforms. 

Intralaboratory or within-laboratory precision refers to the precision of a test method when the results are obtained by the same operator in the same laboratory using the same apparatus. In some cases, the precision is applied to data gathered by a different operator in the same laboratory using the same apparatus. Thus, intralaboratory precision has an expanded meaning insofar as it can be applied to laboratory precision. 

Cost estimates were prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA s) Superfund Innovative Technology Evalnation (SITE) demonstration in June 1992. These estimates were based on vendor information and the data gathered during the evaluation. Cost estimates were prepared for the PACT-6 pilot-scale system operating at treatment rates of 500 and 1000 Ib/hr. The estimated treatment rate of the PACT-8 fnll-scale system was 2200 Ib/hr. For each treatment rate, estimates were inclnded for online factors of 50 and 70%. For the PACT-6 feed rate of 500 Ib/hr and an online factor of 70%, the cost was estimated at 1816 per ton of material treated. For the PACT-8 feed rate of 2200 Ib/hr and a 70% online factor, the projected cost was 757 per ton (D104585, p. 1). 

Process-ranging studies involve operating the process at the extremities of its parameter ranges. For example, if you have a process that is operated at a temperature of 60-70°C, process ranging would entail data gathering at these points and the target, which should be 65°C. The same is done for each critical parameter. 

In addition to data gathering, QA will want the validation batches made entirely by the production department. When this stipulation is satisfied, it will be demonstrated that the process control is independent of the technical background of the operating personnel. This kind of approach demonstrates that the manufacturing process will support the soon-to-be-marketed product s volume demands. This approach also allows QA to have a baseline activity with which it can compare future audit activities. 

An operator interface is used to record data gathered by the PLC.1 The operator interface is usually another computer (sometime called the human-machine interface or HMI). The HMI uses process displays with real-time sensor readings so that the operator can quickly assess the status of the system (see Figure 6.17). The operator uses the control panel to adjust alarm settings and to turn on and off process equipment. Once running, however, the PLC controls and runs the system automatically, without further input from the operator. Common HMI status indicators are listed below ... 

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