Homogeneous data

Homogeneity of data. Homogeneous data will be uniform in structure and composition, usually possible to describe with a fixed number of parameters. Homogeneous data is encountered in simple NDT inspection, e.g. quality control in production. Inhomogeneous data will contain various combinations of indications from construction elements, defects and noise sources. An example of inhomogenous data are ultrasonic B-scan images as described in [Hopgood, 1993] or as encountered in the ultrasonic rail-inspection system described later in this paper. 

An important point for all these studies is the possible variability of the single molecule or single particle studies. It is not possible, a priori, to exclude bad particles from the averaging procedure. It is clear, however, that high structural resolution can only be obtained from a very homogeneous ensemble. Various classification and analysis schemes are used to extract such homogeneous data, even from sets of mixed states [69]. In general, a typical resolution of the order of 1-3 mn is obtained today. 

HT2 serotonin binding sites in rat frontal cortical homogenates. Data from Shannon et al. 1984. 

Ki values and Hill coefficents determined by competition experiments for 1.0 nM [ H]LSD(+[10- M]Ketanserin)-labeled sites in rat frontal cortical homogenates. Data from Shannon et al. 1984. 

The two error terms refer to Yp and the regression slope respectively. In contrast to some earlier work, based on less homogeneous data sets and apparently affected by underlying absorption lines, notably in I Zw 18, this result, together with a similar one by Peimbert, Luridiana and Peimbert (2007), gives a primordial helium abundance in excellent agreement with the one predicted theoretically on the basis of the microwave background fluctuations and the lower estimates of deuterium abundance (see Fig. 4.3), a comparatively small value of about 2 for AT/AZ and no... 

Gy, PM. (Ed.) Sampling of Heterogeneous and Dynamic Material Systems. Theories of Heterogeneity, Sampling and Homogenizing Data Handling in Science and Technology, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1992... 

Fie. 4 Homogeneity data sewage sludge/pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB congener 101)... 

Homogeneity data obtained on a sewage sludge material when 38 units were analysed by one laboratory in duplicate for the PCB congener 101 (2,2, 4,5,5 -pen-tachlorobiphenyl) are shown in Fig. 4. 

While for the ethylene polymerization contrasting results have been obtained, the results of the various authors are substantially in agreement with regard to propylene (see Table 8). In fact, homogeneous data obtained with various analytical... 

From time to time, in practice, measuring values are obtained that deviate significantly from the others, without being able to clarify the reason for this. Outlier tests aid in deciding if the value is part of a homogeneous data material. 

Another trend analysis of the homogeneous data sets of the HELCOM monitoring programme was performed by Suikkanen et al. (2007). They concentrated on the northern Baltic Proper and the Gulf ofFinland and, unfortunately, only on the late summer. 

The miscibility of the blends and complex can be probed at even smaller scale by carrying out the Tj measurement, in which the relaxation time, Tip , was determined by monitoring the decay in carbon signal intensities as a function of delay time. All the resonance peaks show a single-exponential decay and the logarithmic plot of resonance intensity vs. delay time t for the selected carbon (33 ppm) of pure PVP, PAA/PVP blend (1/1), and complex. Furthermore, it can be seen from Table 2 that the standard deviation can be ignored and the I/,/ values obtained for each sample can be considered to be the same. All these imply that all of the blends and the complex are intimately mixed on the I/,/ measurement scale. The homogeneity data are accurate down to the scale of 2 nm for the blends and... 

Homogenized data model Internal data model... 

The intended homogenized data model, realized by the wrapper to be designed, is addressed in Fig. 5.65. The class Document represents a Comos PT flowsheet, indicated by the return value of method id(), which returns a reference to an instance of class IComosDDocument. 

In the following, we will show, how a method addDevicesO of class Document is modeled. The method (i) reads all devices out of the flowsheet, (ii) determines whether it is a device according to the homogenized data model, and, if applicable, (iii) creates a new instance of class Device. The modeling of the method takes place in three steps ... 

Many aspects of the production of CRMs are valid for simple RMs, e.g. laboratory RMs, samples used in interlaboratory studies, etc. The main differences are found in the actual certification of the assigned values, the extent of additional guarantees that usually accompany the certified value (stability and homogeneity data etc.), often the size of the produced batch, and finally the existence of a certifying body and the supply service. 

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