Codeine quantification

J. A. Pascual and J. Sanagustin, Eully automated analytical method for codeine quantification in human plasma using on-line solid-phase extraction and high-perfomance liquid clrromatogi aphy with ulti aviolet detection , 7. Chromatogr. B 724 295-302 (1999). 

Yue, Q.Y., Aim, C., Svensson, J.O., Sawe, J. Quantification of the O- and N-demethylated and the glucuronidated metabolites of codeine relative to the debrisoquine metabolic ratio in urine in ultrarapid, rapid, and poor debrisoquine hydroxylators, Ther. Drug Monit. 1997, 19, 539-542. 

The characterisation and quantification of opiates (morphine, 6-MAM, codeine, and ethylmorphine) are obtained with the aid of a GC/MS. The apparatus and the conditions used are the following ... 

Six 50-mg blank hair samples were extracted by SFE and the noise was integrated for the ion used for quantification (m/z = 355 for codeine, 369 for ethylmorphine, 383 for 6-MAM, and 397 for morphine) in a retention time window of tj + 0.5 min. The LOD and LOQ were determined (n = 6) using lUPAC methods. For each substance the standard deviation of the blank value (Sg) was determined. The mean area converted from the noise was calculated as concentration equivalent based on a calibration graph. The LOD is defined as 3Sg and the LOQ as lOSg. 

In these conditions, the detection limits are 30 pg/mg for codeine, ethylmorphine, and morphine, and 50 ppb for 6-MAM, while the quantification limits are 100 pg/mg for the first three opiates and 200 pg/mg for 6-MAM. These values are comparable to those obtained by Moeller et al., who proposed LODs of 100 pg/mg for opiates. 

Popa, D.-S. Oprean, R. Curea, E. Preda, N. TLC-UV densitometric and GC-MSD methods for simultaneous quantification of morphine and codeine in poppy capsules. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 1998, 18, 645-650. 

Wall, D.B. Finch, J.W. Cohen, S.A. Quantification of Codeine by Desorption/lonization on Silicon Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Comparisons with Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 18, 1403-1406 (2004). 

Kolmonen M, Leinonen A, Kumanne T, Pelandta- A, Ojanperae I (2010) Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and accurate mass measurement for quantification and confirmation of morphine, codeine and their glucmonide conjugates in human mine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 878(29) 2959-2966... 

Murphy, C.M., and Huestis, M.A. (2005) LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis for the quantification of morphine, codeine, morphine-3-beta-D-glucuronide, morphine-6-beta-D-glucuronide, and codeine-6-beta-D-glucuronide in human urine. Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 40,1412-1416. 

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