Omega-3 fatty acid intake

Clandinin, M.T., Foxwell, A., and Goh, Y.K. 1997. Omega-3 fatty acid intake results in a relationship between the fatty acid composition of LDL cholesterol ester and LDL cholesterol content in humans. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1346, 247-252. 

Hu FB, Bronner L, Willett WC, Stampfer Ml, Rexrode KM, Albert CM, Hunter D, Manson JE. Eish and omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of coronary heart disease in women. JAMA 2002 287 1815-1821. 

Bucher HC, Hengstler P, Schindler C, Meier G. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in coronary heart disease a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am. J. Med. 2002 112 298-304. Psota TL, Gebauer SK, Kris-Eflierton P, Dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake and cardiovascular risk. Am. J. Cardiol. 2006 98(suppl) 3i-18i. 

Levels of serum EFA in control children have also been compared with hyperactive children, and levels of DHA were found to be significantly lower in the hyperactive children (Mitchell et al., 1987). It is not clear whether this is due to dietary differences in omega-3 fatty acid intakes or some other mechanism. 

DIET-GENE INTERACTIONS GENETIC VARIATION AND OMEGA-6 AND OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID INTAKE IN THE RISK FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE... 

Many of the chronic conditions — cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, obesity, autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and depression — are associated with increased production of thromboxane Aj (TXAj), leukotriene 84 (LTB4), II ip, lL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and C-reactive protein. All these factors increase by increases in omega-6 fatty acid intake and decrease by increases in omega-3 fatty acid intake, either ALA or EPA and DHA. EPA and DHA are more potent, and most studies have been carried out using EPA and DHA. 

Kris-Etherton, PM, Taylor, DS, Yu, S, Moriarty, K, Fishell, V, Morgan, R, Zhao, G, Heimbach, JT and Etherton, TD (1998). Present estimates of omega 3 fatty acid intakes in the US. WorldRev. Nutr. Dietet., 83, 228. 

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