Oils, fixed oxygenated

CH3)2C CHCH2CH2C(CH3) CHCH20C0CH3 Properties Colorless clear oily liq. sweet fruity, floral, lavender odor sweet taste sol. in alcohol, DMSO, acetone, fixed oils, ether, oxygenated soivs. si. sol. in propylene glycol misc. with com oil insol. in water, glycerin m.w. 196.32 dens. 0.907-0.918 (15 C) vapor pressure 0.02 mm Hg (20 C) b.p. 128-129 C flash pt. > 93.3 C ref. index 1.458-1.464... 

Empirical C19H38O2 Formula CH3(CH2)i4COOCH(CH3)2 Properties Colorless mobile liq., very si. odor sol. in 4 parts 90% alcohol, min. oil, fixed oils, acetone, castor oil, chloroform, cottonseed oil, ethyl acetate, oxygenated soivs. insol. in water, glycerin, propylene glycol m.w. 298.57 dens. 0.850-0.855 m.p. 14 C acid no. 1 max. iodine no. 1 max. sapon. no. 183-193 cloud pt. 12-14 C flash pt. > 230 F ref. index 1.4350-1.4390 (20 C) Toxicology LD50 (IP, mouse) 100 mg/kg poison by IP route human skin irritant TSCA listed Precaution Combustible... 

Amyris Oil. Obtained by steam distillation of the wood of y m hakamijera L., the so-called West Indian sandalwood which is indigenous to northern South America, Central America, and the West Indies, amyris oil [8015-65-4] is a pale yellow to brownish yellow viscous oil with a slightly oily-sweet and occasionally peppery balsamic woody note. It finds use as a blender and fixative for soap fragrances. The volatile constituents, which are primarily hydrocarbon and oxygenated sesquiterpenes, are shown in Table 22 and Figure 5 (63). 

This scheme does not take into account the rate of loss of reduced carbon as buried coal, oil and gas. We do not know either if life could take a form that can exist at higher oxygen levels perhaps at lower temperatures, implying again that the present state of our atmosphere is not the final one. We shall analyse the nature of such steady states in Chapter 3 and return to the problem in Chapter 11. Note that C02 levels in the sea are fixed by the solubility of certain carbonates, and hence by solubility products, the pH of the sea, the C02 in the atmosphere and the temperature. 

The biodegradation of crude oils in their reservoirs is well documented (M, 22). It occurs in the presence of meteoric water which supplies dissolved oxygen and nutrients including phosphate and fixed nitrogen. Microenvironments may exist in which aerobic and anaerobic activities occur in close proximity so that intermediates of aerobic metabolism may become substrates for anaerobic bacteria. In reservoirs, microbes are most active at the oil-water interface and at temperatures between about 20° and 60 to 75°C. 

Oleic Acid occurs as a colorless to pale yellow, oily liquid when freshly prepared, but upon exposure to air it gradually absorbs oxygen and darkens. It is an unsaturated acid obtained from fats. When strongly heated in air, it decomposes and produces acrid vapors. Its specific gravity is about 0.895. It is practically insoluble in water, but is miscible with alcohol, with ether, and with fixed and volatile oils. 

The Synthol light oil (Cs-Ci ) is highly olefinic and is isomerized over an acidic catalyst to improve the octane rating of the gasoline. The hydrocarbon products from the fixed-bed reactors arc distilled to separate the gasoline and diesel oil. The residue is vacuum-disiilled to produce medium wax (320 500 C) and hard wax (>500 C). Both products arc hydrofined using nickel catalysts to remove olefins and oxygenates. 

PROP A volatile oil. Principal constituents include d-pinene, camphene, l-terpineol-4, and other oxygenated constituents. From steam distillation of the fruit of Juniperus communis h, (Fam. Cupressaceae) (FCTXAV 14,307,76). Colorless to faint green-yellow liquid aromatic bitter taste. Sol in fixed oils, mineral oil insol in glycerin, propylene glycol. 

Coke deposition was performed via cracking reactions of a real feedstock (gas-oil) operated in a fixed bed reactor which allows a wide range of experimental conditions [7] catalyst mass from 0.5 to 10 g reaction temperature from 723 K to 873 K pressure from 1 to 4 bar injected feed mass between 0.4 and 4 g feed injection time from 10 to 300 s. This reactor induces a coke formation very similar in quantity and nature to that observed on industrial plant catalysts [7]. Coke combustion was performed at 1773 K under oxygen flow in a Leco CR12 carbon analyzer. The global carbon content was extracted from the total volume of carbon dioxide produced during combustion... 

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