Oil detection

Isolation and detection of silicones from vegetable oils (detection limit 2 pg)... 

H. M. Brown, R. H. Goodman, and G. P. Canevari. Where has all the oil gone Dispersed oil detection in a wave basin and at sea. In Proceedings Volume, pages 307-312. 10th Bien API et al Oil SpiU (Prev, Behav, Contr, Cleanup) Conf (Baltimore, MD, 4/6-4/9), 1987. 

Possible industrial applications include screening of substances with antiradical activity, quality testing of raw materials, pharmaceuticals, cosmetic products, fruit juices, wines, beers, edible oils, detection of food irradiation, and many more. 

No data were located on levels of fuel oils detected in soils. 

Plastic is usually avoided as it can absorb constituents from the oil, thus altering the composition of the oil. Also, this can cause the container walls to swell and weaken. Chemicals in the plastic may also be absorbed by the oil, thus altering its composition again. When components of the plastic become dissolved in the oil, detectable changes often occur in its odour. 

No chlorine was found in the gas fraction. The oil (run at 728°C) contains 15 ppm chloroorganic compounds, mainly chlorobenzene, the soot separated by the cyclone contains 18.4 wt% CaCU. There were no chlorinated dibenzodioxines (TCDD) or furane (TCDF) found in the oil (detection limit 0.01 ng/g). 

Several studies have been aimed at the detection of a fraudulent addition of vegetable oils to olive oil. In particular, different analytical methods can be applied to determine blends of regular and high-oleic sunflower oil with olive oil. The minimum sunflower oil detection level depends on the analytical method used. For example, a minimum detectable level of 0.7% of regular or high-oleic sunflower oil may be achieved through methods of sterol analysis, and analysis of the fatty acids will not enable detection of additions below 20% (45). 

Sokolov, V.A., Alexeyev, F.A., Bars, E.A., Geodekyan, A.A., Mogilevskii, G.A., Yurovsky, Y.M. and Yasenev, B.P., 1959. Investigations into direct oil detection methods. In Proc. 5th World Petroleum Congress, Section I, Geology and Geophysics, pp. 667-687. 

Thick oil on water absorbs infrared radiation from the sun and thus appears in infrared data as hot on a cold ocean surface. Unfortunately, many other false targets such as weeds, biogenic oils, debris, and oceanic and riverine fronts can interfere with oil detection. The advantage of infrared sensors over visual sensors is that they give information about relative thickness since only thicker slicks, probably greater than 100 pm, show up in the infrared. 

Sensor for Oil Detection and Classification, Interim Report, Coast Guard Contract DOT-TSC-74-4, August 1975. 

Country Extraction Method Target Compound Adulterant Oil Detection Threshold Method Multivariate Analysh... 

ISO standard 3760 shows character and data for this oil. Blending is done with a-terpineol, limo-nene from orange oil, recti ed copaiba oil, lovage root oil, and amyris oil. Detection is best done by GC-MS. 

Litsea cubeba oil. Lemon oil washed as residues from production of terpene-free oil is preferably used, as these contain still all components of the pure lemon oil. Also lemon terpenes and heads of distilled grapefruit oils could be found. Blending is done by using synthetic decanal, non-anal, octanal, and citronellal from Corymbia citriodora oil. Detection is made by GC-MS and mainly by multidimensional enantiomeric separation with various methods (see part of methods). Mondello (1998) reports some constituents with chiral ratios as follows (f )-(+)-p-pinene 6.3% (5) ( )-P"pinene 93.7% (f )-(+)-sabinene 14.9% (5)-(-)-sabinene 85.1% (5)-(-)-limonene 1.6% (K) (+)-limonene 98.4% (5)-(+)-terpinen-4-ol 24.7% (/ )-(-)-terpinen-4-ol 75.3% and (5)-( ) a terpineol 75.2% (R)-(+)-a-terpineol 75.2%. Further on, Dugo and Mondello (2011) gave the following data (/ )-(+)-a-pinene (25.5%-31.5%) (5)-(-)- -pinene (68.5%-74.5%) (15,4/ ) ( ) camphene (86.2%-92.4%) (l/ ,45)-(+)-camphene (7.6%-13.8%) (5)-(-)-p-pinene... 

ISO standard 3809 shows character and data for that oil. Adulteration is done by adding limonene from different sources, synthetic terpineol and y-terpinene from lime terpenes as well as from heads of the production of terpene-free lemon oil. Detection must be done by multidimensional chiral separation. Dugo and Mondello (2011) report the following data for chiral ratios (5)-(-)-P pinene (96.0%-96.8%) (/ )-(+)-p pinene (3.2%-4.0%) (5)-(-)-limonene (5.5%-8.7%) (/ )-(+)-limonene (91.3%-94.5%) (/ )-(-)-linalool (49.8%-80.0%) (5)-(+)-linalool (50.0%-50.2%) ... 

ISO standard 3757 shows character and data for this oU. This very complex oil is adulterated by gurjun balm oil (see text). Blending is done by patchouli terpenes, cedarwood oil, pepper oil, white camphor oil, and guaiac wood oil. Detection is done by GC MS. 

UN>100-N-22 Diesel oil supply line near 184-N Approximately 1,000 gal of diesel oil. Line leak caused by external corrosion. Contaminated soil removed. Oil detected in groundwater. 

Polar mobile phase sodium acetate-Veronal buffer (pH 7.0) containing 2% acetone and satd. with the silicone oil Detection... 

Previously, it was mentioned that root cause analysis of craters usually is very difficult. That is true, but certain causes turn up again and again. One example is oil and water in compressed air. Water usually does not cause craters, but it is an excellent carrier for oil and droplets of oily water do give craters. Compressed air should be tested periodically for water and oil content using Drager tubes or some other technique. At the point of paint application, there should be no oil detectable and the water level should be less than 150 mg/m ... 

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