Oil and gas processing

Though the type of processing required is largely dependent upon fluid composition at the wellhead, the equipment employed is significantly influenced by location whether for example the facilities are based on land or offshore, in tropical or arctic environments. Sometimes conditions are such that a process which is difficult or expensive to perform offshore can be exported to the coast and handled much more easily on land. 

Section 10.1 will consider the physical processes which oil and gas (and unwanted fluids) from the wellhead must go through to reach product specifications. These processes will include gas-liquid separation, liquid-liquid separation, drying of gas. 

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Before oil and gas processing are described in detail in the following sections it is useful to consider how oil and gas volumes and compositions are reported. 

The picture becomes considerably more complicated when the additional components of synthesis gas processes are added. The various types of components involved are portrayed in Figure 1 where each type of component is indicated by a circle. The components of existing oil and gas processes, shown on the right-hand portion of the figure, primarily involve the light hydrocarbons C-, Cg, Cg, C , and Cg the oil fractions Cg+ and the acid gas components composed primarily of and CO2. 

The solution of these problems will involve additional processing which would not be encountered in existing oil and gas processes thus data for all three classes of components mentioned above are essential to the successful development of synthesis gas and other coal conversion processes. Additional problems which are equally as serious may appear as these processes are further developed, thus considerable thought must be given to the orderly development of data relating to these new processes. 

This discussion can probably be best summarized by saying that the magnitude of work necessary for the development of thermodynamic data on synthesis gas processes is very large because six different types of compounds are involved rather than three types involved in oil and gas processes. These additional types introduce twelve new interactions between the various types of compounds compared with three for oil and gas systems. Thus the amount of work could be as much as five times as much as work already done on oil and gas systems. 

Thermoplastic PAI resins find use in many applications, such as adhesives, coatings, filled and unfilled molding compositions, fibers, films, composites, and laminates. In particular they are used in aircraft, automotive electric and electronic appUcations, as coatings, seals, and in oil and gas processing equipment. 

HSE (2001), Review of corrosion management for offshore oil and gas processing. Available at http // www.hse.gov.uk/research/otopdf/2001/oto01044.pdf. Accessed November 8, 2011. 

The biggest share of hardware in any oil and gas process plant is its piping and vessels. The objective of the strategy should be to provide a system for managing the integrity of all static pressure system equipment in use to ensure availability and reliability for safe operations in line with the HSE expectations of the company. 

Offshore oil and gas process plants comprise thousands of components and their deterioration is a major challenge for the owners of the facilities. Uncontrolled release of hydrocarbons is the main factor contributing to the risk of major accidents for these installations (PSA 2008). Aside from major accidents, continuously higher requirements for safety for personnel, environmental protection and eqnipment and production reliability result in increasing inspection and maintenance cost. 

Applications include parts in airplane and automobile engines, chemical plants, oil and gas processing equipment, and steam processing equipment. Ketone-based polymers are used in high-temperature electrical and electronic applications and medical applications. Certain resins have been used as electrical coatings and in... 

Mark Wilhelm, S., Avoiding Exposure to Mercury During Inspection and Maintenance Operation in Oil and Gas Processing, Process Safety Progress, Fall (1999)... 

Welded plate heat exchangers Chemicals and petrochemicals Food and drink Oil and gas processing... 

Plate-fin heat exchanger Chemicals and petrochemicals Cryogenics Oil and gas processing Ehime movers Generic applications Refrigeration Hazardous stream separation... 

Conventional oil and gas processing philosophy does not encourage more PI, etc. 

Much has been reported about the HiGee concept in the chemicals and offshore processing sectors, but its use in the food and drink industries has been less evident. Already referred to in Chapters 8 and 9 in the context of oil and gas processing and the chemicals sector, the use of rotating packed beds of the type described in Chapter 6 has been extended to other application areas by GasTran Systems (see Appendix 4) including deaeration of beverages. 

Based on research, H2S can be released during the following oil and gas processes exploration, development, extraction, crude treatment and storage, transportation, and refining. The potential sources, along with examples of the causes for accidental releases in this industry have been identified as ... 

F-OPT based on scattering principles (reflection and extinction) have been described in several review papers on experimental techniques in fluidization research [42, 120, 217, 218, 232], in nuclear science and engineering [184], and in oil and gas processing [11]. 

Let us analyse how these barriers coincide with Ffaddon s strategies. Oil and gas processing is inherently hazardous due to the presence of flammable hydrocarbons in the process. It is thus not possible to prevent the build-up of energy or to modify its characteristics. An important measure is to limit the amount of oil and gas in the process, for example by dividing the process into separate units, and to isolate these from each other in case of a process upset. 

Examples Cases where operator interventions into the production process of an oil and gas processing plant affect the barriers against fires and explosions... 

The aft of the integrated deck is dedicated to the process systems. There is an oil- and gas-processing train with three-stage separation for production of 15000 Sm stabilised crude per day. All gas is compressed and re-injected during the initial production phase. 

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