Of petroleum lubricating oils

Organophosphorus compounds are also becoming essential as antioxidants of petroleum lubricant oils, as synthetic lubricants and plastifiers for various polymers. Organophosphorus compounds are widely used to obtain substances which do not sustain combustion, because they are highly efficient fire retardants. 

Classification of petroleum lubricating oils according to the type of crude they come from or the refining procedures used to obtain them is neither illogical nor grossly empirical. The physical and chemical properties of an oil depend on its composition, which in the last analysis is determined by the composition of the crude. Thus the nature... 

Source J. B. Hill and H. B. Coats, The Viscosity-Gravity Constant of Petroleum Lubricating Oils, Ind. Eng. Chem., vol. 20, pp. 641-644, (1928). With permission. 

In the lightening of petroleum hydrocarbon oil, esters of mercaptocarboxyhc acids can modify radical behavior during the distillation step (58). Thioesters of dialkanol and trialkanolamine have been found to be effective multihinctional antiwear additives for lubricants and fuels (59). Alkanolamine salts of dithiodipropionic acid [1119-62-6] are available as water-soluble extreme pressure additives in lubricants (60). 

Release of gasoline, lubricating oil, and fuel oils to the soil occurs from spills, leaks, loading and unloading operations. Disposal of petroleum-contaminated soil is now one of the major environmental tasks. 

Furby (12) has developed a method for evaluating stocks in the lubricating oil range that results in a breakdown of components into asphaltenes, resins, wax, and dewaxed oil and provides a yield-viscosity index relationship for the dewaxed oil. The author has found such analyses very useful and inexpensive for evaluating a large number of potential lubricating oil stocks. Furby s method utilizes petroleum ether to precipitate asphaltenes, a fuller s earth-petroleum ether fractionation to isolate resins, methyl ethyl ketone-benzene dewaxing on the deasphalted-deresinified material to separate wax, and an adsorption fractionation to provide cuts from which the yield-viscosity index relationship for dewaxed, solvent-refined oil is obtained. 

CA 15, 1622 (1921) (A desensitized expl, prepd by mixing undried Nitrostarch with heavy petroleum lubricating oil and gum arabic, was insensitive to rifle bullet) 2)W.H.Ward, USP 1462753 (1923) CA 17, 3101 (1923) [A desensitized exp suitable for use in drop bombs and trench mortar shells consists of Nitrostarch 40 45, inorg nitrate (such as of Na or K) 32 40, heavy lubricating petroleum oil up to 5 and water 5 10%] 3)L.Wohler, SS 20, 166 (1925) (Desen-... 

Although the methyl silicone oils are soluble in benzene and in the lighter hydrocarbons, they are only partially soluble in alcohol and in the heavy hydrocarbons. The relative insolubility in petroleum lubricating oil may be the reason for the success of silicone oils in suppressing foam in certain engine oils at the limit of solubility the silicone may set up a high local concentration at the oil-air interface and so exercise a surface-active effect. Whatever the mechanism, a very... 

Petroleum oils often contain suspended or colloidal inorganic materials. In the case of used lubricating oils small particles of metals are present. In many cases these suspended solids are of sufficiently small particle size that efficient breakdown occurs in the flame and a simple dilution procedure may be used. However, where it is suspected that this is not the case then it is recommended that an ashing technique is used to prepare the sample. 

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