Occupational physical causes

Apart from eczematous skin disease, contact urticaria, infections, and skin disease elicited by physical causes are frequently observed, and occupational skin cancer caused by physical or chemical causes also occurs. 

Any abnormal physical condition or disorder, other than one resulting from an occupational injury, caused by exposure to environmental factors associated with employment. It includes acute and chronic illness or disease, which may be caused by inhalation, absorption, ingestion, or direct contact. Because occupational illnesses are rarely attributable to a specific incident they should be reported in the year in which the illness was first diagnosed and reported to the employer. 

Kanerva L (1999) Physical causes of occupational skin disease. In Adams RM (ed) Occupational skin disease, 3rd edn. Saunders, Philadelphia 35-68... 

In Occupational medicine. State of the Art Reviews 1 285-300 Joung RS, Bry K, Ratner H (1977) Selective phalangeal tuft fractures in a guitar player. Br J Radiol 50 147-148 Kanerva L (1990) Physical causes of occupational skin disease. Mechanical trauma. In Adams, RM (ed) Occupational skin disease, 2nd edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 41-65 Kanerva L (1996) Mechanical causes of occupational skin disease. In van der Valk P, Maibach HI (eds) The irritant contact dermatitis syndrome. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 195-204 Kanerva L (1999) Physical causes of occupational skin disease. In Adams RM (ed) Occupational skin disease, 3rd edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, 35-68... 

It is not immediately obvious how, or indeed if, employers differ from the average citizen in their attribution of occupational injury causes and thus would be susceptible to incentives for prevention. Nor is it clear how incentives for prevention would influence investments in safety within the industrial sectors where high physical risks are viewed as normal and technologically determined, or part of the specific sub-culture of hazardous occupational exposure (e.g. forestry, agriculture, fishing, construction, etc). 

The General Duty Clause of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970 states that "Each employer. shall furnish to each of his employees, employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees ... More specifically, Section (e)(3) of 29 CFR 1910.119 states that process hazard analysis shall address facility siting. OSHA has recognized and pointed out the... 

Unless the TBI has caused severe cognitive impairment (i.e., dementia), most patients after TBI can provide an accurate and insightful description of their physical and cognitive impairment. However, they often have less insight into the nature and severity of many of the common psychiatric symptoms that follow TBI. For this reason, the initial assessment should also include an interview with the patient s family members and friends, if they are available. Interviews with other health care providers (e.g., doctors, nurses, physical and occupation therapists) can also be extremely helpful. 

When an elderly, physically healthy person shows a generalized decline in cognitive functioning that causes significant impairment in social or occupational functioning and represents a significant decline from a previous... 

E. The anxiety, worry, or physical symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. 

The pharmacologic treatment of parasitic infections is a complex and extensive topic. In this limited space, it is difficult to describe the many species of each parasite, all the diseases caused by parasites, and the chemical methods currently available to selectively destroy various fungi, protozoa, and helminths in humans. Consequently, the general aspects of each type of parasitic infection are reviewed briefly, followed by the primary drugs used to treat specific fungal, protozoal, and helminthic infections. This discussion will acquaint physical therapists and occupational ther-... 

Therapists also deal with the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal disorders that are caused by an autoimmune response. Many of these diseases attack connective tissues, and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, and systemic lupus erythematosus are often the primary reason that patients undergo rehabilitation. Patients with a compromised immune system may develop musculoskeletal problems related to their immunodeficient state. Hence, immunomodulating drugs are frequently used in many patients receiving physical therapy and occupational therapy. 

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