Nylon 46, polymer morphology

Key Words Polymer, Polyethylene, Nascent power, Nylon 46, Morphology, nH pulse NMR, In situ measurement, Cross-polarisation magic angle spinning. 

FIGURE 8-50 The packing of chains in nylon 6,6 [redrawn from D. C. Bassett, Principles of Polymer Morphology, Cambridge University Press (1981)]. 

It was reasoned that the indicated alternation of polymer wettabilities had to result from differences in density, orientation, and/or bonding of the amide groups in the nylon surfaces. Consequently,an attempt was made to relate the observed wettabilities to polymer morphology. 

Discriminant analysis has been used to identify and classify similar but different fibers, polymers, and yarns based on the differences in their properties and morphology. It has been used to identify and classify different nylon polymer types (nylon66 and 6) and heat-setting methods (Suessen and Superba) by polymer type, heat-setting method, and simultaneously by polymer type and heat-setting method. Further, discriminant analysis has been used to identify and classify staple polyester fibers by fiber producer, by tenacity level, and simultaneously by producer and tenacity level. 

Applications showing the range of microscopy techniques and specimen preparation methods used on commercial impact polymers will be described. Changes in polymer morphology are expected upon addition of an elastomer for instance, such addition is expected to cause a decrease in the spherulite size as the elastomer domains can act as nucleating sites [219]. This has been observed for many polymers including modified nylon [220]. Characterization of an EPDM impact modified nylon 6,6 has been... 

As more complex multicomponent blends are being developed for commercial appHcations, new approaches are needed for morphology characterization. Often, the use of RuO staining is effective, as it is sensitive to small variations in the chemical composition of the component polymers. For instance PS, PC, and styrene—ethylene/butylene—styrene block copolymers (SEES) are readily stained, SAN is stained to a lesser degree, and PET and nylons are not stained (158,225—228). 

Practical appHcations have been reported for PVP/ceUulosics (108,119,120) and PVP/polysulfones (121,122) in membrane separation technology, eg, in the manufacture of dialysis membranes. Electrically conductive polymers of polyaruline are rendered more soluble and hence easier to process by complexation with PVP (123). Addition of small amounts of PVP to nylon 66 and 610 causes significant morphological changes, resulting in fewer but more regular spherulites (124). 

As regards the general behaviour of polymers, it is widely recognised that crystalline plastics offer better environmental resistance than amorphous plastics. This is as a direct result of the different structural morphology of these two classes of material (see Appendix A). Therefore engineering plastics which are also crystalline e.g. Nylon 66 are at an immediate advantage because they can offer an attractive combination of load-bearing capability and an inherent chemical resistance. In this respect the arrival of crystalline plastics such as PEEK and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) has set new standards in environmental resistance, albeit at a price. At room temperature there is no known solvent for PPS, and PEEK is only attacked by 98% sulphuric acid. 

Koberstein J.T., Gancarz I., and Clarke T.C., The effect of morphological transition on hydrogen bonding in PU Preliminary results of simultaneous DSC-FTIR experiments, J. Polym. Sci. B, 24, 2487, 1986. Skrovanek D.J., Painter P.C., and Coleman M.M., Hydrogen bonding in polymers 2. Infra red temperature studies on nylon 11, Macromolecules, 19, 699, 1986. 

The morphology of two crystalline-amorphous diblocks of Nylon-6-PDMS was studied using TEM and WAXS by Veith et al. (1991). Each polymer (with 3 or 25 wt% PDMS) formed a spherical morphology in the melt. However, casting from... 

Carrier properties. Carriers can be shaped and configured as films, fibers, planar surfaces, or spheres. Surface morphology, i.e., surface texture and porosity, can exert a decisive influence as can carrier materials the most important are inorganic materials such as ceramics or glass, synthetic polymers such as nylon or polystyrene, and polysaccharide materials such as cellulose, agarose, or dextran. 

A blend between two highly immiscible polymers, 20% PDMS in Nylon 6 (PA6) has a very thin interphase thickness of 2A, as shown on Table 11.1, and, as a result a coarse dispersed morphology of about 10pm. Similarly coarse morphology in obtained when PDMS is blended with PA 6 amine-functionalized at each chain end to form PA 6/diamine. 

M. Marie, N. Ashuror, and C. W. Macosko, Reactive Blending of Poly- (dimethylsiloxane) with Nylon 6 and Poly (styrene) Effect of Reactivity on Morphology, Polym. Eng. Sci., 41, 631-642 (2001). 

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