Nutrient starvation

During prolonged storage in the laboratory under conditions of nutrient starvation, facultatively oliogotrophic bacteria may be isolated and these display transport systems for the uptake of amino acids and glucose that are coregulated. 

S Rossell, CC van der Weijden, A Lindenbergh, A van Tuijl, C Francke, BM Bakker, and HV Westerhoff, Unraveling the complexity of flux regulation A new method demonstrated for nutrient starvation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103(7), 2166 2171 (2006). 

Vaulot, D., Olson, R., Merkel, S., and Chisholm, S. (1987). Cell-cycle response to nutrient starvation in two phytoplankton species Thalassiosira weissflogiiand Ffymenomonas carterae. Mar. Biol. 95, 625-630. 

Cause Cultural problems. Too much or too little water, persistent hot or cold drafts, improper light exposure, potbound roots, or nutrient starvation can all cause symptoms that can be mistaken for pests or diseases. 

In S. cerevisiae, STRE sequences mediate the repression of catalase T gene when high levels of cAMP are present, through a Ras-dependent pathway and its derepression during nutrient starvation and oxidative stress [216]. There is no indication of a participation of any molecular chaperone in the catalase assembly in yeast [197]. 

The white rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium has the ability to degrade and mineralize many structurally diverse chlorinated organic compounds (2-7). Studies in our laboratory and by others demonstrate that degradation and mineralization is dependent, at least in part, on the lignin degrading system of this fungus that is expressed in response to nutrient starvation (2-7). 

Lavieu, G., Scarlatti, F., Sala, G., Carpentier, S., Levade, T., Ghidoni, R., Botti, J., and Codogno, P. (2006). Regulation of autophagy by sphingosine kinase 1 and its role in cell survival during nutrient starvation. J Biol Chem 281, 8518-8527. 

Phospholipid fatty add assays can also indicate metabolic changes in a microbial community. During nutrient deprivation and other environmental stresses, fatty add ratios can shift. Guckert et al. [36] found increases in the transxis ratio of monoenoic 16-carbon tty adds in Vibrio cholerae during nutrient starvation. The protocol used to extract the lipids fix>m environmental samples simultaneously extracts other biochemical indicators of nutritional status in microbial communities, for example, poly-P-hydroxyalkanoates [31]. 

PalabhanviB, Kumar V, Muthuraj M, Das D Preferential utilization ofintraceUnlarnutrients supports microalgal growth under nutrient starvation multi-nutrient mechanistic model and experimental validation, Bioresour Technol 173 245—255, 2014. 

Most mcl-PHA-producing bacteria start to accumulate PHA in a larger amount when their cell growth is impaired by the limitation of an essential nutrient (e.g., N, P, Mg, K, O, or S) in the presence of excess carbon (Lageveen et al. 1988). Typically, batch cultures become kinetically limited with the exhaustion of the essential nutrient. The term nutrient starvation is in this case the best description because the ceU number is not increasing any more, but the specific biomass increases owing to PHA accumulation. In contrast, the ceUs in continuous cultivation are always in an exponential growth phase and therefore one speaks of nutrient limitation , which reflects the stoichiometric perception (Zinn et al. 2(X)4). 

Betts JC, Lukey PT, Robb LC, McAdam RA, Duncan K (2002) Evaluation of a nutrient starvation model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis persistence by gene and protein expression profiling. Mol Microbiol 43 717-731... 

Gerstel U. and Romling U. 2001. Oxygen tension and nutrient starvation are major signals that regulate agfD promoter activity and expression of the multicellular morphotype in Salmonella typhimurium. Environ Microbiol 3 638-648. 

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