Culture problems

With regard to evaluating these factors, it is recommended that structured checklists be used, such as those provided by the HFAM method described in Chapter 2. These checklists provide an explicit link between the direct causal factors and management policies. Figure 2.12 shows how these checklists could be used to investigate possible procedures deficiencies, and the policies that led to the deficiencies, as part of the incident investigation. Similar checklists can be used to investigate possible culture problems (e.g., inappropriate trade-offs between safety and production) that could have been implicated in an accident. 

In most instances cultural problems arise because there is misalignment between the new requirements and factors that drive day-to-day behavior— the unwritten rules. One model for the staff motivation process, shown in Exhibit 3-1, illustrates how staff behavior is influenced by ... 

The usual excuse is, We ll do it soon—when we get some time. Developers are too busy sorting out problems and late updates to do the write-ups. It s funny how these projects are always the ones that require a lot of heroic overtime. See Ed Yourdon s excellent book The Decline of the American Programmer. In such a case, a possible damage limiter is to hire a suitably skilled person to spend a few weeks writing the models. This person may be able to clarify some inconsistencies and at the same time transfer some skills to the existing team. But a lack of documentation is a cultural problem and is not easily fixed. 

Unusual metabolites from dinoflagellates and ciliates are only known for marine species. However, because of culture problems, ciliates from land have not yet been adequately screened (Pietra 1997). 

Shuler, M. L., "Production of Secondary Metabolites from Plant Tissue Cultures - Problems and Prospects," Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 369 (1981) 65-79. 

The University is fundamentally an institution of learning, although research and service by its faculty are certainly of major significance. In addition, the land-grant academic institutions have a mission to help their state realize maximum potential for agricultural development and to contribute to the solution of social, economic, environmental, and cultural problems of concern to the citizens of that state. These missions are carried out through the three closely related functions of resident instruction, research, and extension. 

K. Gopalakrishna Pillai, D. B. B. Chaudary, K. Krishnamurty Bio-Fertilizers in Rice Culture - Problems and Prospects for Large Scale Adaptation , Fert. News 25 (1980) 40 - 45. 

Cause Cultural problems. Too much or too little water, persistent hot or cold drafts, improper light exposure, potbound roots, or nutrient starvation can all cause symptoms that can be mistaken for pests or diseases. 

To diagnose cultural problems, review the conditions the plant prefers and examine the plant. Also consider the amount of light the plant receives, review watering patterns, and look for drafts or other problems that may not be immediately apparent. Once you ve decided on a cause, correct the situation. See Culture on page 119 for more information. 

Various environmental and cultural problems are also considered diseases since they upset the plant s normal function. Because such diseases cannot be transmitted from one plant to the next, they can be called noninfec-tious diseases or physiological disorders. 

Cultural problems are the things people and other animals do that injure plants. With a little care and common sense on your part, most of these problems are easy to avoid. 

Cultural problems produce a wide range of symptoms, so it may be difficult to determine the exact cause. Observe the plant closely, though, and the problem may become apparent. Look for wounds in the stems, stakes or plant labels that are too tight, or teeth marks caused by animals. 

There are also some active steps that you can take to avoid cultural problems. To reduce the chances of hitting a tree with a mower or trimmer, plant a groundcover or apply mulch around the base of the tree so you won t have to trim close to the trunk. During the winter, though, pull the mulch away from the base of the tree otherwise, the mulch will provide a great place for mice to live and feed on the bark and roots. 

Cultural problems are often difficult to "cure. " You won t know that something went wrong until the damage shows up. For example, if you cultivate too close to plants, you won t know that the roots were severely damaged until the plants start to wilt. 

In most cases plants can outgrow damage caused by a cultural problem if it is not too severe. With. some special care, such as careful fertilization and extra water, your plant will often recover and continue to grow. If you cause a wound on a tree, you can smooth out the edges to help it close faster for instructions, see the illustration Treating tree wounds on page 235. 

Coastal- and fluvial floods have a large impact on not only economic value of the area, but also human life and environmental, cultural and further intangible aspects. How the public perceives the seriousness of different environmental or cultural problems is very difficult to measure. 

Another concern is the potential of deregulation to create challenges to the maintenance of an effective corporate safety culture. In the aviation and rail industries, corporate culture problems affected safety in the aftermath of mergers and acquisitions, and also at some of the new entrant airlines established after deregulation. In the years after deregulation, there were also indications of pressure to under-report some types of safety problems in the railroad industry, and evidence of maintenance violations at several major airlines. In the U.K. nuclear power industry, corporate culture concerns dealt with the excessive use of contractors and the loss of corporate expertise and institutional memory. 

Determine the significance of the problem. Were the consequences severe Could they be next time How likely is recurrence Is the occurrence symptomatic of poor attitude, a safety culture problem, or other widespread program deficiency Base the level of effort of the subsequent steps of your assessment on the estimation of the level of significance. 

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