Nuclear weapons policy

Policy was the President s prerogative. As soon as Bush exposed it to view Roosevelt seized it Bush took that decision to be the most important outcome of the meeting and put it emphatically first in his memorandum to Conant Roosevelt wanted policy consideration restricted to a small group (it came to be called the Top Policy Group). He named its members Vice President Wallace, Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson, Army Chief of Staff George C. Marshall, Bush and Conant Every man owed his authority to the President Roosevelt had instinctively reserved nuclear weapons policy to himself. 

Edward Teller returned to Los Alamos in April 1946 to chair a secret conference. Its purpose, according to a subsequent report, was to review work that has been done on the Super for completeness and accuracy and to make suggestions concerning further work that would be needed in this field if actual construction and test of the Super were plaimed. John von Neumann, Stanislaw Ulam and Norris Bradbury attended the conference, as did Emil Konopinski, John Manley, Philip Morrison, Canadian theoretician J. Carson Mark and a crowd of other participants. One whose presence would vitally affect U.S. nuclear weapons policy later was Klaus Fuchs. 

Franklin Roosevelt saw the longterm potential and instinctively reserved nuclear-weapons policy to himself. 

In the aftermath of WWII, Havemann was commissioned by the Soviets to administer the Berlin Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes. In addition he set up a laboratory at the KWI for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry in which he resumed his research on colloids and dyes. As an overt Communist and opponent of U.S. nuclear weapons policy, Havemann s simmering conflict with the West-Berlin authorities culminated in 1950, at the peak of the Cold War, in his dismissal. As a result, he relocated to the GDR, where he carried on with his research on proteins and photochemistry, as professor at Humboldt University and director of its Institute for Physical Chemistry. In addition to his research, he was also active politically, e.g. as dean of student affairs, pro-rector, and... 

For the United States to abandon nuclear power would not help to thwart potentia proliferation unless at the same time we would relinquish our nuclear weapons and could stimulate a broad international taboo against all things nuclear. Clearly, we have no will to do this. Further, whatever policy the US. were to adopt, over 30 countries now use... 

Kissinger, "Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy, Harper, NY(1957) 14)G.A.W. 

Safety first has always been and continues to be the basic policy of the nuclear industry. This includes reactor safety by design as well as activities to discourage the proliferation of nuclear weapons and to prevent sabotage of nuclear facilities. This policy has been successful the chance of death from a nuclear accident is over a million times less than death... 

W. Henry Lambright and Agnes Gereben Schaefer, The Environmental Politics of Chemical and Nuclear Weapons Disposal , in Dianne Rahm, ed.. Toxic Waste and Environmental Policy in the 21st Century (Jefferson, NC McFarland, 2002), pp. 5 36. 

Enemy nuclear policy and capabilities What is enemy s stated policy on nuclear weapons employment Can enemy produce nuclear weapons Has industrial output increased or changed for production of nuclear munitions or protective equipment ... 

The discovery of radioactivity a century ago opened up a new field in science, that of the atomic nucleus, which culminated 40 years later in the discovery of fission, and its practical consequences in the form of nuclear weapons and nuclear power reactors. That remains still die focus of news media as it influences international politics and national energy policies. However, nuclear science has contributed much more to our daily life as it has penetrated into practically every important area, sometimes in a pioneering way sometimes by providing conqiletely new solutions to old problems from the history of the universe and our civilisation to methods of food production and to our health from youth to old age. It is a fascinating field continuously developing. Nuclear chemistry is an important part of this. 

The UK and France were the first countries to develop civil nuclear energy in Europe building upon their separate experiences with gas cooled reactors devoted to military plutonium production. In the 1960s France altered its technology policy to favor pressurized water reactors while the UK did not make an equivalent policy choice until 1979 with policy implementation spanning the 1980s. France and the UK are the only EU-15 countries ever to have been nuclear weapons states and both states continue to maintain nuclear weapons capacity. 

Interviews with GRC officials by Robert A. Madsen, in Chinese Chess US China Policy and Taiwan, 1969-1979, unpublished D.Phil. thesis, Oxford University, 1998, pp. 49-52, 101-3. Taipei did toy with the options of a rapprochement with Moscow and, in the later 1970s, the development of nuclear weapons. More successful, however, were its stepped-up intelligence-gathering activities in the United States and a political campaign of stimulating opposition to U.S.-PRC relations. See Garver, Sino-AmencanAlUancey pp. 277-81 Tucker, Uncertain Friendships 127, 130, 146-7. 

Gobarev, Viktor M. Soviet Policy toward China Developing Nuclear Weapons... 

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