Nuclear fusion defined

Due to the extremely low production rates of transactinides in the nuclear fusion reactions, the chemical characterizations are carried out on a single atom level. The chemical reaction products are characterized on the basis of their behavior in the separation process or, exactly speaking, in the gas adsorption chromatographic process. In this process the formation probability of defined chemical states of transactinides and the subsequent interaction of the formed molecules with a solid state surface are studied. 

Define and compare nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Briefly describe current uses of nuclear fission and fusion. 

Since the cofactors are not essential in S. cerevisiae, but the tubulin heterodimer is, it is clear that tubulin in this organism must be able to form heterodimers in the absence of cofactors. One possible explanation for this is that the sequences of the S. cerevisiae tubulins are the most divergent known. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells contain only relatively simple microtubule arrays that participate in only three well defined and temporally distinct cellular process mitosis, meiosis, and nuclear fusion. Perhaps this reduced selective pressure on their tubulin genes has allowed the evolution of spontaneously dimerizing tubulin in this organism. 

Define nuclear fusion, thermonuclear reaction, and plasma. 

Define the terms nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Which process results in the production of a heavier nucleus Which results in the production of smaller nuclei ... 

COAL 14 Define or identify a nuclear fusion reaction. 

One approach to overcome the transplant rejection of human embryonic stem (ES) cells is to derive them by nuclear transfer of the patients own cells. In the absence of an efficient protocol for human somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), several critical steps must be optimized, namely reprogramming time, activation method, and in vitro culture conditions. Reprogramming time was defined as the time between cell fusion and oocyte activation to permit proper embryonic development. A 2 h reprogramming time led to 25% of the recon-stracted embryos developing to blastocysts. In SCNT, in the absence of sperm-mediated activation, an artificial stimulus is needed to initiate embryo development. Addition of 10 pM ionophore for 5 min, and incubation with 2.0 mM 6-dimethyl aminopurine for 4 h, was the most efficient chemical activation protocol for human SCNT embryos. Encouragingly, inefficiencies in embryo culture have been overcome by supplementing... 

The membranes of the two vesicle populations, and possibly others, form the double membrane of the NE, which must be continuous around the chromatin before the nascent nuclei are able to accumulate imported proteins. Our results indicate that the fusion of NEP-A vesicles with NEP-B vesicles is necessary for the formation of a functional NE, but we have not yet defined the precise contribution(s) of either vesicle population to the fully assembled NE. Proteins in both vesicle populations may be required for the fusion of inner and outer nuclear membranes at the sites of NPC assembly, and for the recruitment of the disassembled subunits of NPCs to the nascent NE. While the recruitment of NPC subunits to the NE membrane could either precede or follow the fusion of inner and outer membranes, some NPC proteins almost certainly associate with the NE after the fusion of inner and outer nuclear membranes. Finlay and Forbes (1990) have shown that the depletion of a subset of NPC proteins using wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated agarose resulted in the assembly of NEs in which inner and outer membranes had fused, but which were unable to import proteins. 

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