Cell nuclear antigen

Fischer-Smith T, Croul S, Adeniyi A, Rybicka K, MorgeUo S, Khalili K, Rappaport J (2004) Macrophage/microgUal accumulation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in the central nervous system in human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy. Am J Pathol 164(6) 2089-2099... 

PCA Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis pCDM8 Eukaryotic expression vector PCNA Proliferating cell nuclear antigen... 

Cheng, HC, Chien, H, Liao, CF1, Yang, YY, and Huang, SY, 2007. Carotenoids suppress proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin D1 expression in oral carcinogenic models. JNutr Biochem 18, 667-675. 

PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen HE, hematoxylin and eosin. 

Shin HJ, Shin DM, Shah T, et al. Methods in pathology. Optimization of proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemical staining by microwave heating in zinc sulfate solution. Mod. Pathol. 1994 7 242-248. 

Gao Z, Matsuo H, Wang Y, Nakago S, Maruo T (2001) Up-regulation by IGF-I of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Bcl-2 protein expression in human uterine leiomyoma cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86 5593-5599... 

Nuclear-specific proteins, such as Ki-67 (MIB-1), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and protein 53 have an essential role in cell proliferation and are widely accepted proliferation marker. They are present in all dividing cells of normal and tumor tissues, but absent in resting cells. 

T2. Titius, B. R., Thiele, J., Schaefer, H., Freipe, H., and Fischer, R., Kl-Sl and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression of bone marrow macrophages. Acta Haematol. 91(3), 144— 149 (1994). 

Peterson, S. R., D. M. Gadbois, E. M. Bradbury, and P. M. Kraemer. 1995. Immortalization of human fibroblasts by SV40 large T antigen results in the reduction of cyclin D1 expression and subunit association with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Wafl. Cancer Res 55(20) 4651-7. 

One fascinating observation is that PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) can be modified by multiple forms of ubiquitin, demonstrating that DUBs with different specificities can act at the same location on a specific substrate. PCNA can be modified by mono-ubiquitin, 63-linked polyubiquitin, or SUMO at K164 [89]. Modification of PCNA by mono- or polyubiquitin determines whether it is utilized in translesion synthesis or error-free DNA repair, respectively. SUMO modification prevents PCNA function in DNA repair and instead promotes DNA replication. It is probable that multiple DUBs, as yet unidentified, are required to regulate PCNA modification. 

PCNA—Proliferating cell nuclear antigen Breast carcinoma also in other epithelial tumors... 

Morishita, R., Gibbons, G.H., Ellison, K.E., et al. (1993). Single intraluminal delivery of antisense cdc2 kinase and proliferating-cell nuclear antigen oligonucleotides results in chronic inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 90, 8474-8478. 

In a carcinogenicity study, liver cell proliferation in Wistar rats measured using immunostaining with a monoclonal antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the highest-dose group was maximal at six months of treatment (Yasuhara et al., 1995). 

Immunohistochemical Detection of Cells in the Division Cycle Using Antibodies to Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA)... 

Foley J., Ton T., Maronpot R., Butterworth B, and Goldsworthy T. L (1993) Comparison of proliferating cell nuclear antigen to tritiated thymidine as a marker of proliferating hepatocytes in rats. Environ Health Persp. 101(Suppl. 5), 199-206... 

Many proliferation-associated antigens have been reported as clinically useful indicators of proliferative activity (1). Of these, the so-called proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 have been identified as the most useful in both immunohistochemistry (see Chapter 27) and flow cytometry (FCM). PCNA is an auxiliary protein to DNA polymerase 8 (2,3) and is intimately associated with DNA replication, but also DNA repair (4,5). Ki-67 is a large protein associated with nuclear nonhistone proteins (6,7), and is expressed in all actively proliferating cells (8,9). Expression of these two proteins, in a cell population should equate to the growth fraction, i.e., the proportion of cells involved in an active cell cycle. However, there are apparent inconsistencies when these two proteins have been compared with one another (10) and with other methods of assessing cell proliferation (11). 

Prelich, G, Kostura, M., Marshak, D R, Matthews, M B., and Stillman, B. (1987) The cell-cycle regulated proliferating cell nuclear antigen is required for SV40-DNA replication in vitro Nature 326,471-475... 

Toschi, L and Bravo, R. (1988) Changes m cyclm/proliferatmg cell nuclear antigen distribution during DNA repair synthesis J Cell Biol 107, 1623—1628. 

Steck, K. and El-Naggar, A K (1994) Comparative flow cytometric analysis of Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in solid neoplasms Cytometry 17,258—265... 

Prosperi, E, Stivala, N. A., Sala, E., Scovassi, A. I., and Bianchi, L (1993) Proliferating cell nuclear antigen complex formation induced by ultraviolet irradiation in human quiescent fibroblasts as detected by lmmunostaming and flow cytometry Exp Cell Res 205, 320-325. 

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