Prefixes hyphenation

It should be noted that italicised hyphenated prefixes which indicate structure, such as cis-. o-, m-, tert-, mixo-, N-. 0-, etc., have been ignored during the alpha-sorting routine used on this index and the group-lists, while the roman character structural prefixes iso and neo, and roman multiplying prefixes such as di, tris, tetra and hexakis, have been included in the indexing procedure. 

When substituents are alphabetized, iso- is used as part of the alkyl group name, but the hyphenated prefixes are not.Thus, isobutyl is alphabetized with /, but n-butyl, fe/t-butyl, and sec-butyl are alphabetized with b.The number prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, etc. are ignored in alphabetizing. 

Hyphenate prefixes to proper nouns and adjectives, and retain the capital letter. 

When writing an alkane name, the nonhyphenated prefix iso is considered part of the alkyi-group name for alphabetizing purposes, but the hyphenated prefixes sec- and tert- are not. Thus, isopropyl and isobutyl are listed alphabetically under i, but sec-butyl and tort-butyl are listed under b. 

Assign the name and position number to each substituent. Arrange the substituents in alphabetical order. Hyphenated prefixes, such as tert- and sec-, are not used in alphabetization of the substituents. 

Write the name as a single word. Use hyphens to separate numbers and letters (plus some hyphenated prefixes) and commas to separate numbers. Don t leave any spaces. 

The prefixes dir, trir, tetror, and so on are not included in alphabetizing. Neither are the hyphenated prefixes sec- and tert-. Iso, as in isopropyl, is included in alphabetizing. Alphabetize the names of the substituents first, and then insert the prefix. In the following example, the alphabetizing parts are ethyl and methyl, not ethyl and dimethyl ... 

The Naming of Chiral Drugs. The nomenclature of chiral compounds is difficult and sometimes confusing. We have already introduced the prefixes R and S, (- -) and (—), and D and L. We have already seen many common names for drugs that have an implied chirality, as in methamphet-amine and ephedrine. The hyphenated prefixes R/S, D/L, and + / — render the alphabetic indexing of pharmaceutics problematic. One approach to this problem that has been used to help with this issue is to select drug names where the chirality has been imbedded into the common chemical name. One example that we have discussed is esomeprazole,... 

Both remaining CgHi4 isomers have two methyl groups as substituents on a four carbon chain Thus the parent chain is butane When the same substituent appears more than once use the multiplying prefixes di tri tetra and so on A separate locant is used for each substituent and the locants are separated from each other by commas and from the words by hyphens... 

For branching compounds, the parent structure is the longest continuous chain present in the compound. Consider the compound to have been derived from this structure by replacement of hydrogen by various alkyl groups. Arabic number prefixes indicate the carbon to which the alkyl group is attached. Start numbering at whichever end of the parent structure that results in the lowest-numbered locants. The arable prefixes are listed in numerical sequence, separated from each other by commas and from the remainder of the name by a hyphen. 

Structural prefixes should be italicized and connected with the chemical formula by a hyphen cis-, trans-, anti-, syn-, cyclo-, catena-, o- or ortho-, m- or meta-, p- or para-, sec- (secondary), tert-(tertiary), v- (vicinal), meso-, as- for asymmetrical, and 3- for symmetrical. 

Stoichiometric Proportions. The stoichiometric proportions of the constituents in a formula may be denoted by Greek numerical prefixes mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona- (Latin), deca-, undeca- (Latin), dodeca-,. . . , icosa- (20), henicosa- (21),. . . , tri-conta-(30), tetraconta-(40),. . . , hecta-(100), and so on, preceding without a hyphen the names of the elements to which they refer. The prefix mono can usually be omitted occasionally hemi-(1/2) and sesqui- (%) are used. No elisions are made when using numerical prefixes except in the case of icosa- when the letter i is elided in docosa- and tricosa-. Beyond 10, prefixes may be replaced by Arabic numerals. 

In indexing it may be convenient to italicize a numerical prefix at the beginning of the name and connect it to the rest of the name with a hyphen e.g., di-nitrogen pentaoxide (indexed under the letter n ). 

Use hyphens to separate the different prefixes, and use commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, cite them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use one of the multiplier prefixes d, fn -, tetra-, and so forth, but don t use these prefixes for alphabetizing. Full names for some of the examples we have been using follow. 

The prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, bexa-, and so on, indicate how many of each substituent are in the molecule. Numbers set off by hyphens specify to which carbon atoms the groups are attached. 

The anomeric symbol a or p, followed by a hyphen, is placed immediately before the configurational symbol D or L of the trivial name or of the configurational prefix denoting the group of chiral carbon atoms that includes the anomeric reference atom. 

In deciding on alphabetically order disregard structure-defining prefixes that are written in italics and separated from the name by a hyphen. Thus ferCbutyl precedes ethyl , but ethyl precedes isobutyl . 

We are not distinguishing between through-space, through-bond, or simply steric mechanisms, nor discussing concepts such as homoantiaromaticity or any other prefixed or hyphenated aromaticity phenomena as explanations for stabilization or destabilization of any of the aforementioned species. 

GENERAL NOTE The issue date shown immediately following the hyphen after the number of the standard (e.g., B16.9-1978, C207-1978, and A 47-77) is the effective date of the issue (edition) of the standard. Any additional number shown following the issue date and prefixed by the letter R is the latest date of reaffirmation [e.g., C101-1967 (R1977)]. Any edition number prefixed by the letter A is the date of the latest addenda accepted [e.g., B16.36-1975 (A1979)]. 

The following italicized qualifiers can be used as both prefixes (e.g. blend-, net-) and connectives (e.g. -blend-, -net-), separated by (a) hyphen(s) from the constituent name(s), to designate the skeletal structure of non-linear macromolecules or macromolecular assemblies ... 

Numerical prefixes (placed before a name, but joined to it by a hyphen), infixes (inserted into a name, usually between hyphens) and suffixes (placed after a name). 

Should you use insectlike or insect-like Do not precede like with a hyphen unless the letter 1 would be tripled. Examples bill-like, lifelike, businesslike, shell-like. Do precede like with a hyphen if the word is three syllables, e.g., intestine-like. Do precede like with a hyphen if the word is a proper name, e.g., Clinton-like. An exception to this mle—use Christlike. Do precede like with a hyphen if the word is a compound word. On the other hand, when like is a prefix, then follow with a hyphen when used as a prefix meaning similar to, e.g., like-minded. No hyphens are used in words that have meanings of their own, e.g., likelihood, likewise, likeness. 

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