Unit modifiers

Refrigeration units modified for free cooling do not include the hq-uid-refrigerant pump and cooler spray header nozzles. Without the cooler refrigerant agitation for improved heat transfer, this arrangement allows up to about 20 percent of rated capacity. Expected capacities for both tnermocycle and free cooling are indicated in Fig. 12-21. 

A similar unit, modified in details such as location of condenser, use of an agitator and shape of the vessel, was used by Fisher and Whitney . Further substantial modifications to permit interface location of specimens, cooling of specimens and operation under applied pressure, have been described by Fisher . Earlier laboratory test methods tried by Fisher and Whitney included exposure of specimens heated by their own electrical resistance and of tubular specimens containing a pencil-type resistance-wire heater in a quartz tube. 

Fig. 15. Schematic MO diagram and proposed electronic assignments for the Fe-Fe interaction in a valence-delocalized S = 9/2 [Fe2S2] unit. Modified with permission from Ref. (207).

FIG. 3 Three-dimensional model of the protein mass distribution of the S-layer of Bacillus stearothermophilus NRS 2004/3a [(a) outer, (b) inner face]. The square S-layer is about 8 nm thick and exhibits a center-to-center spacing of the morphological units of 13.5 nm. The protein meshwork composed of a single protein species shows one square-shaped, two elongated, and four small pores per morphological unit. (Modified from Ref. 7.)... 

The unit operation demonstrates that membrane life over two years has been demonstrated and that the selected materials of construction are correct. The recovery of sulphate-lean brine is 85-90% during normal operation. In a trial run under extreme conditions, with the unit modified to operate in recycle mode, the concentration of sodium sulphate in the reject stream was increased to 190g l-1 a 90% sulphate rejection rate was achieved during this trial. The sodium chloride concentration decreased on the concentrate side of the membrane and increased in the... 

Proofreading Tip Consuit The ACS Style Guide for more detaiied information on hyphenated modifiers (see Unit Modifiers). 

In deriving (8.3.11) we took into account the fact that despite the reaction rate is still defined through the integral (4.1.19), its magnitude depends greatly on the equation for the correlation function for dissimilar particles. Making use of the definition of the functional (5.1.5), let us write down equation (8.3.8) (in usual dimensional units) modified by the Kirkwood... 

Hyphenate the suffix like in two-word compounds used as unit modifiers. 

Do not hyphenate phrasal verbs. As unit modifiers or nouns, these words are often hyphenated or closed up check a dictionary. 

Unit modifiers are two words that together describe a noun they are almost always hyphenated. Most unit modifiers consist of... 

The following is a short list (by no means complete) of unit modifiers commonly seen in ACS publications. These should be hyphenated when modifying a noun. 

Do not hyphenate unit modifiers if the first word is an adverb ending in ly . 

Hyphenate unit modifiers containing the adverbs well , still , ever , ill , and little . 

Hyphenate unit modifiers containing a comparative or superlative if the meaning could be different without the hyphen. 

Do not hyphenate a number and a unit of time or measure used as a unit modifier. 

When two or more unit modifiers with the same ending base modify one noun, use a hyphen after each element, and do not repeat the ending base. 

Do not hyphenate unit modifiers that are chemical names. 

Hyphenate unit modifiers that contain spelled-out numbers. 

Hyphenate unit modifiers of three or more words. 

Hyphenate unit modifiers containing three words when similar two-word modifiers are hyphenated. 

Hyphenate unit modifiers used as predicate adjectives. (Predicate adjectives are usually used with the verb to be they are adjectives that modify the subject but come after the verb.) Usually, only unit modifiers that consist of nouns and adjectives or nouns and participles can be used as predicate adjectives. 

Hyphenate phrases also containing en dashes (see pp 124-126) when they are used as unit modifiers. 

In titles and headings, capitalize all main words in a unit modifier. 

RDBMS (relational database management system) read/write permission real time (noun) real-time (unit modifier) reboot... 

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