English Lake District

George DG, Maberly SC, Hewitt DP (2004) The influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of four lakes in the English Lake District. Freshw Biol 49 760-774... 

Esthwaite Water (Tipping and Woof, 1983, a and b) is a softwater lake in the English Lake District. In this lake, humic substances extracted by butan-l-ol were present almost exclusively in the dissolved and colloidal size classes. The small fraction of humic substances in the particulate form should not be discounted, since it may explain a hypolimnetic accumulation of these substances. Humic carbon comprised 60-70% of the DOC in winter and early spring, but only 30-40% in summer. The higher proportion of nonhumic DOC during summer months presumably resulted from increased biological production of DOC. 

P.J. Neale, J.F. Tailing, S.I. Heaney, C.S. Reynolds, J.W.G. Lund (1991). Long time series from the English Lake District Irradiance-dependent phytoplankton dynamics during the spring maximum. Limnol Oceanogr., 36, 751-760. 

George, D.G., Tailing, J.F. and Rigg, E. (2000). Factors influencing the temporal coherence of five lakes in the English Lake District. Freshwat. Biol, 43, 449 61. 

Jones OG. Rock climbing in the English Lake District. 2nd ed. Manchester E J Morten 1973. 

Dalton (Figure 6.1) was bom In Eaglesfield, near the English Lake District. His father was a hand loom weaver, and, since the family were Quakers, Dalton was educated at the local Quaker schools. At the age of twelve he opened his own Quaker school, but he had little authority over some of his rougher pupils, and he soon relinquished his post to work as a farm-hand. At the age of fifteen he moved to Kendal to assist at a Quaker boarding school where his brother Jonathan was already teaching, and four years later the brothers were in charge of the school. 

Fallout radionuclides have been used in studying lake sediments. On the assumption that Cs would have a distribution in lake sediments similar to that found in rain and airborne particles, Pennington etaL (1973) studied the levels of Cs in sediments at various depths in five lakes in the English Lake District, assuming that the relationship to rain and airborne particles would be valid if there was no transfer by biota or mixing by diffusion in the sediment. They believed that they had strong evidence for the absence of vertical movement of... 

Fig. 3.25 RT spectra of some tourmalines from the English Lake District which needed to be fitted with 2 to 4 doublets (adapted from Eeckhout et al. [207])...

S.G. Eeckhout, C. Corteel, E. Van Coster, E. De Grave, P. De Paepe, Crystal-chemical characterization of tourmalines from the English Lake District Electron-microprobe analyses and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Am. Mineral. 89, 1743-1751 (2004)... 

Gorham, E. (1958). Accumulation of radioactive fall-out by plants in the English Lake District. Nature London) 181, 1523-1524. 

Canick, T.R. Sutcliffe, D.W. (1982) Concentrations of major ions in lakes and tarns of the English Lake District. (Occasional publication no. 16.) Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside. 

Sutcliffe, D.W. (1983) Acid precipitation and its effects on aquatic systems in the English Lake District (Cumbria). Rep. Freshwater biol. Ass. 51, 30-62. 

Sutcliffe, D.W. Carrick, T.R. (1973) Studies on mountain streams in the English Lake District. I pH, calcium and the distribution of invertebrates in the River Duddon. Freshwater Biology 3, 437-462. 

This paper describes the results and preliminary analysis of a catchment liming exercise carried out on the River Esk in the South-West of the English Lake District, Cumbria. The work was stimulated by the observation of acid related mortalities of salmonids, simultaneously in the River Esk and the adjacent River Duddon in June 1980 and again in September 1983 (Diamond et al., 1987). Such mortalities are thought to be caused by high concentrations of aluminium (> 0.25 mg/1) which are toxic at low pH (< 5.5) and low calcium concentration (< 1-2 mg/1) ( Reviewed... 

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