Noranda process

Noranda Process. When pyrites are heated to about 540°C in the absence of oxygen, about half of the sulfur content in the pyrites evolves in the elemental form. Noranda Mines Ltd. and BatteUe Memorial Institute developed a process based on this property to recover elemental sulfur from pyrite (27). The first commercial plant was built at Welland, Ontario, in 1954 but operated on an experimental basis for only a few years before being closed for economic reasons. 

Later developments which have had more impact on copper smelting relate to an approach which combines roasting, smelting and converting steps in one reactor, thereby making the copper production process continuous. The three unique continuous processes tried in operation are (i) the Worcra process, (ii) the Noranda process and (iii) the Mitsubishi process. The principles of the processes are respectively shown in Figures 4.5 to 4.7. 

It may be perceived that a continuous, sulfur dioxide-rich stream can be produced if the smelting and converting operations of conventional technology can be combined in one continuous operation, and this has been attempted in the Noranda process. However, in the largest present-day installation subscribing to this process, the units are used primarily as smelters, with the conversion implemented in separate, conventional converters. 

FIGURE 6.12 Noranda process — variation in smelting rate and fuel ratio with increasing tonnage oxygen. (From Bailey, J. B. W. and Storey, A. G., CIM Bull., June, 142-148, 1980. With permission.)... 

Ideally, a continous process incorporating both smelting and converting steps can yield a single, steady flow of off-gas that is readily processed for sulfur recovery. Three such processes, the WORCRA, the Mitsubishi, and the Noranda, have been tested on a semicommercial scale (44, 53, 54), and a full-scale commercial plant of the Noranda process is under construction (55). All the processes produce gas streams rich enough for feed to a sulfuric acid plant, and the use of oxygen can produce still richer gases. Wide application of any of these processes awaits completion of commercial development. 

In addition to the above processes, there are a number of newer processes such as Noranda, Mitsubishi, and Contop, which replace roasting, smelting, and converting, or processes such as ISA-SMELT and KTVCET, which replace roasting and smelting. For converting, the Pierce-Smith and Hoboken converters are the most common processes. 

Noranda A continuous copper smelting process, developed in Canada by Noranda Mines, from 1964. 

Nor-2-formylpyridoxal 5 -phosphate, hemoglobin modifier, 4 118-119 Noranda magnesium manufacturing process, 15 338... 

Noranda submerged tuyere process, 16 146 Noranda sulfur recovery process, 23 575 NOR arrays, 22 258 Norbornene, copolymerization with benzvalene, 7 515... 

In most VMS districts, one or two large deposits dominate a camp full of smaller deposits (e.g., Horne Mine, Noranda Matsumine, Kuroko Mattagami Lake Mine, Matagami). We use finite element simulation of hydrothermal convection and associated chemical processes in attempt to explain this spatial distribution. 

A pyrometallurgical process for the direct recovery of zinc from zinc concentrates and zinc/iron residues has been proposed and tested extensively by Noranda. The process consists of smelting bone-dry zinc containing materials (sulfide concentrates and secondary zinc/iron materials) in a molten iron oxysulfide bath to volatilize metallic zinc into a SOz-fiee ofTgas. Sulfiir contained in the feed materials is fixed as an iron oxysulfide matte for di sal. Thus, this process not only is capable of treating zinc sulfide concentrates and secondary zinc materials simultaneously, but also eliminates the need of sulfuric acid production. Detailed thermodynamic analysis and experimental test work are described in this paper. 

At the Noranda Inc., CEZinc Division, a new HDS (lime treatment) facility was recently commissioned to treat the liquid effluents from the zinc process. This facility, however, could not be expected to achieve a high removal performance for selenium. 

SNC-Research Inc., Continuous Cementation of Selenium Using Aluminum Pellets and Ultrasonic Auto-cleaning Process Feasibility (in French), Technical Report prepared for Noranda. CEZinc Division by SNC-Research Inc.. Montreal, Canada, November 1995. 

Many plant atmospheres are contaminated by either acidic or alkaline fumes. The ZA alloys can be expected to perform better than pure zinc in acid-contaminated industrial plants. With alkaline contamination, both zinc and the ZA alloys are more suitable than aluminum casting alloys. Controlled trials made by Noranda at Kraft process pulp and paper mills (Table 2.33) showed that all the ZA alloys (and zinc) were suitable for use in each of the... 

Leclair, R, Hancock, P and Hickey, T, 1998. Lead smelting operations at Noranda s BeUedune plant From vertical integration to custom smelting, in Zinc and Lead Processing, pp 109-124 (Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (CIM) Montreal). 

Canada - Noranda at Port Robinson, ON - 1954 to 1959 Finland - the Outokumpu (ICI) process at Kokkola - 1962 to 1977 Canada - INCO at Port Colbome, ON - 1957 Canada - INCO at Thompson, MB... 

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