Nonylphenols wastewater treatment

Gonzalez S, Petrovic M, Barcelo D (2004) Simultaneous extraction and fate of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, coconut diethanol amides, nonylphenol ethoxylates and their degradation products in wastewater treatment plants, receiving coastal waters and sediments in the Catalonian area (NE Spain). J Chromatogr A 1052(1-2) 111-120... 

Esperanza M, Suidan MT, Nishimura F, Wang ZM, Sorial GA (2004) Determination of sex hormones and nonylphenol ethoxylates in the aqueous matrixes of two pilot-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants. Environ Sci Technol 38 3028-3035... 

Koh YKK, Chiu TY, Boobis AR, Scrimshaw MD, Bagnall JP, Soares A, Pollard S, Cartmell E, Lester JN (2009) Influence of operating parameters on the biodegradation of steroid estrogens and nonylphenolic compounds during biological wastewater treatment processes. Environ Sci Technol 43 6646-6654... 

FauserP, Vikelspe J, Sorensen PB, Carlsen L (2003) Phthalates, nonylphenols and LAS in an alternately operated wastewater treatment plant - fate modeling based on measured concentrations in wastewater and sludge. Water Res 37 1288-1295... 

As for the elimination efficiency of NPEO during wastewater treatment, values from 81 to 99.5% were calculated. However, the removal of parent NPEOs led to the formation of transformation products that are much more resistant to microbial degradation and overall elimination of nonylphenolic compounds during sewage treatment is very low. Ahel et al. [20] estimated that approximately 60-65% of all nonylphenolic compounds introduced to WWTP are discharged into the environment 19% in the form of carboxylated... 

Fujita et al. [18] studied formation of halogenated (chlorinated and brominated) NPEOs and NPECs during wastewater treatment. Halogenated derivatives were found to be produced during the disinfection processes by chlorination accounting for up to 10% of total nonylphenolic compounds. They were found in 25 of 40 WWTPs with concentrations up to 6.5 xgL 1 in secondary effluent and 52.4 jig L-1 in final effluent. Of all halogenated compounds, BrNPECs (nEo = 1-2) were found to be the most abundant. 

Aparicio, I., J.L. Santos, and E. Alonso. 2007. Simultaneous sonication-assisted extraction, and determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, nonylphenol, nonylphenol ethoxylates and polychlorinated biphenyls in sludge from wastewater treatment plants. Anal. Chim. Acta 584 455 -61. 

Recent research has begun to characterize the presence of ECs in a variety of waste sources (e.g., wastewater treatment plants, onsite septic systems, etc.) to better understand their potential pathways into the environment. Although data on transformation products for emerging contaminants is more limited when compared to other compounds, such as pesticides, a growing number of methods to detect such transformation products are being developed and select compounds have been found in a variety of waste sources, including wastewater treatment plants [7,67,74-78], septic systems [13,79], landfills [80], and animal manure [81,82]. For example, in a study of waste from wastewater treatment plants [75] and septic systems [13] (Tables 2-3), 1,7-dimethylxanthine (caffeine metabolite), 4-nonylphenol diethoxylate and... 

Fujii K, Urano N, Ushio H, Satomi M, Kimura S (2001) Sphingomonas cloacae sp. nov., a nonylphenol-degrading bacterium isolated from wastewater of a sewage treatment plant in Tokyo. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51 603-610... 

Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs) are extensively used as surfactants in industrial products (see Chap. 1). NPEOs are a mixture of polyethoxylated mono-alkylphenols, predominantly para-substituted, and are used in the manufacturing of paints, detergents, inks, and pesticides [435, 446]. Surfactants are common water pollutants because of their use in aqueous solutions, which are discharged into the environment in the form of wastewater from treatment plants or sludge stored in landfills. Degradation products of alkylphenol polyethoxylates, i. e., nonylphenol (NP), have the potential to be bioaccumulated, thereby becoming toxic to aquatic [447] and soil microorganisms [435,448]. 

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