Covalent compounds, binary

Learning the names of binary covalent compounds may also be troublesome because of the variety of naming schemes that exist. Covalent compounds are those that are mostly formed between two or more nonmetals. Like the compounds of the transition metals discussed earlier, nonmetals can exist in a variety of oxidation numbers. Thus naming schemes have also been devised to distinguish between two or more different compounds formed between the same two nonmetal elements. Examples are the compounds formed between carbon and oxygen (CO and CO2). 

Probably the most useful naming scheme for this class of compounds is one that uses prefixes to indicate the number of each type of atom in the formula. 

These prefixes and the corresponding number of atoms that they represent are given in Table 3.3. Utilizing this scheme, CO would be named carbon monoxide and CO2 would be named carbon dioxide. Notice in these exan les that the element that is shown first in the formula is also named first. The second word uses the stem of the second nonmetal and the -ide ending, as in the scheme for ionic binary compounds. However, a prefix is placed in front of the stem to indicate the number of atoms of the second nonmetal in the formula (mono- in the case of one atom and di- in the case of two). Actually, a prefix is also used in front of the name of the first element if there is more than one atom of this element indicated in the formula.. For example, the compound N2O is called 

---

The table shows some of the prefixes used to name binary covalent compounds. What name would be given to the compound PBr5 ... 

Different systems are used for naming binary covalent compounds and ionic compounds, and acids are named still other ways. For binary nonmetal-nonmetal compounds (which are covalent), name the leftmost or lower element in the periodic table first, and then name the other element. Change the ending of the second element to -ide, and indicate the number of atoms of that element in the molecule by a prefix (Table 6.1). If more than one... 

A for Acids or acid salts C for other binary Covalent compounds E for Elements... 

In binary covalent compounds the element names follow the same rules as those for binary ionic compounds. 

Binary covalent compounds are formed between two nonmetals. Although these compounds do not contain ions, they are named very similarly to binary ionic compounds. 

In the naming of binary covalent compounds the following rules apply ... 

For more practice with naming binary covalent compounds, go to Supplemental Practice Problems in Appendix A. 

When two nonmetals combine with each other they form binary covalent compounds. In such reactions, the oxidation number of the element with the more positive oxidation... 

Nearly all binary molecular compormds involve two nonmetals bonded together. Although many nonmetals can exhibit different oxidation numbers, their oxidation numbers are not properly indicated by Roman numerals or suffixes. Instead, elemental proportions in binary covalent compounds are indicated by using a prefix system for both elements. The Greek and Latin prefixes for one through ten are mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, and deca. The prefix mono- is omitted for both elements except in the common name for CO, carbon monoxide. We use the minimum number of prefixes needed to name a compound unambiguously. The final a in a prefix is omitted when the nonmetal stem begins with the letter o we write heptoxide, not heptaoxide. ... 

We can probably assume that tbe parent who wrote this note meant the child was taken to the doctor for an injection, but who knows Like everyone else, chemists need to be careful about how they use language, and the names and formulas for chemical compounds form the core of the language of chemistry. The purpose of this section is to describe the guidelines for constructing the names for binary covalent compounds, which are pure substances that consist of two nonmetallic elements. The water, H2O, you boil to cook your eggs and the methane, CH4, in natural gas that can he burned to heat the water are examples of binary covalent compounds. 

Objective 23 Some binary covalent compounds, such as water, H2O, and ammonia, NH3, are known... 

Names and Formulas of some Binary Covalent Compounds... 

Follow these steps to write the names for binary covalent compounds. 

Now let s go the other way and convert from systematic names to chemical formulas. The first step in writing formulas when given the systematic name of a binary covalent compound is to recognize the name as representing a binary covalent compound. It will have one of the following general forms. 

Follow these steps for writing formulas for binary covalent compounds when you are given a systematic name. Notice that they are the reverse of the steps for writing names from chemical formulas. 

There is a tutorial on the textbook s Web site that provides practice converting between names and formulas of binary covalent compounds. 

This is one of the binary covalent compounds that do not require prefixes. Iodine usually forms one bond, and hydrogen always forms one bond, so hydrogen iodide is HI. 

Binary covalent compound A compound that consists of two nonmetallic elements. 

Given a formula or name for a compound, identify whether it represents a binary covalent compound. 

You can recognize binary covalent compounds from their formulas, which... 

Convert between the names and formulas for alcohols, binary covalent compounds, and ionic compounds. (Sections 3.3-3.5)... 

Formula Named as Binary Covalent Compound Acid Formula Named as Binary acid... 

Given a name or chemical formula, tell whether it represents a binary ionic compound, an ionic compound with polyatomic ion(s), a binary covalent compound, a binary acid, or an oxyacid. 

Convert between names and chemical formulas for binary ionic compounds, ionic compounds with polyatomic ion(s), binary covalent compounds, binary acids, and oxyacids. 

---