Nonionic surfactants hand dishwashing

Amphoteric surfactants are surfactants that, depending on the pH, can have either anionic or cationic properties. They also have an isoelectric point at which they possess zwitterionic character. These surfactants are typically compatible with anionic, nonionic, or cationic surfactants. The structure and properties of two amphoteric surfactants used in hand dishwashing formulations are shown in Figure 3.3. 

Uses Surfactant, foam builder, and detergent In hand dishwash detergents, car wash detergents, and other cleaners/delergents Features High foaming stable in moderate levels of acid and alkali compatible with anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants Properties Lt, d. yel. liq. sp.gr. 1.03 dens. 8.70 Ib/gal vise. 25 cps pH (1 %) 6.5 35% act. 

Uses Surfactant, detergent, and foaming agent for iiq. hand dishwashing detergents, shampoos, hand soaps, iiq. and powdered bubbie baths Features Compat. with most anionic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants Properties Ci. iiq. sp. gr. 1.05 Brookfieid vise. 120 mPa.s 38% cone. 

Hand dishwashing liquid detergents contain an anionic surfactant, perhaps an alcohol ether sulfate (or, in Europe, an alkanesulfonate), as major active agent, along with a lower level of an amide or amine oxide type nonionic to improve foaming. Betaines are sometimes used as foam boosters. A hydrotrope such as an alcohol or xylene sulfonate is generally also present. 

The consumer need for a milder dishwashing liquid was met in the early 1990s with the successful introduction of Palmolive Sensitive Skin and the milder positioning of Ivory LDLD. The use of nonionic and amphoteric surfactants resulted in clinically milder and less irritating products. In the last decade, however, further improving mildness was a significant objective for the major players in the LDLD market. Dawn Hand Care was the first to introduce protease, an enzyme that is claimed to soften skin by exfoliation of the top layer. 

In many applications, one found it necessary to employ surfactants that were nonionic. For example, nonionic detergents as used in washing clothes are much different in structure and properties than those used in dish-washing machines. In washing machines, foam is crucial as it helps in keeping the dirt away from clothes once it has been removed. On the other hand, in machine dishwashing, one does not need any foam. This arises from the fact that foam will hinder mechanical effect of dish-washing process. 

Uses Detergent, emulsifier, dispersant, wetting agent for household/industrial cleaners, hand cleaners, It.-duty detergents, dishwash, glass/floor/wall tile cleaners, disinfecting cleaners, acid and alkaline metal cleaners and sanitary cleaners, all-purpose cleaners, bottle cleaners, insecticides Features Stable to water hardness, dil. acid and caustic sol ns. compat. with nonionic, anionic, cationic, and amphoteric surfactants Properties Paste dens. 0.962-0.966 g/cm (70 C) FILB 13.0 solid, pt, 22-25 C ... 

Uses High-foaming surfactant, emulsifier for use in shampoos, bath prods., Iiq. hand soaps, dishwashing Iiqs., alkaline scouring emulsion polymerization solubilizer for nonionics kier boiling bleach assistant Features Mild... 

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